LOGGING METHODS 



43^ 



800 feet. They are then loaded on cars and transported to the 

 mill. The daily output is from 30,000 to 40,000 feet per skidder. 



Transport. — Floating and railroading are the two methods 

 employed. 



(i) Floating. — The logs are made into cigar-shaped units 

 about 125 feet long and several of them are joined together into 

 a raft and towed to a mill. 



(2) Railroad. — Main lines are usually built on piling. Spur 

 roads, which are located approximately |-mile apart are "dun- 

 nage" roads (p. 283). Light-weight engines and skeleton cars 

 are employed. Logs are loaded on cars by a special device on 

 the skidder. 



COST OF OPERATION 



Pullboat operation: 



Deadening 



Felling and log-making 



Sniping 



Road cutting 



Pullboating 



Rafting 



Superintendence 



Towing 



General expense 



Total cost 



Railroad operation: 



Deadening 



Felling and log-making 



Skidding and loading 



Spur construction 



Main-line construction 



Operating charge (railroad) 



Skidder repairs 



General expense and superintendence 



Total 



$6.31 



to $0.11 



$3.44 $4.19 



F. NORTHWEST 



Period of Logging. — The year round. 



Labor. — Logging is highly speciahzed and requires a large 

 number of skilled men among whom are found natives, Swedes 

 and Norwegians. Unskilled labor is foreign and consists of the 



