LOGGING METHODS 



433 



(5) Flumes. — These are occasionally employed for bringing 

 logs from the forest to the railroad or some stream. 



(6) Chutes. — Chutes and shdes are in frequent use in 

 some sections for bringing logs down steep slopes and for 

 handling logs on bottom that cuts up badly in dry weather. 

 Three-pole and five-pole chutes are in most common use 

 (P- 233). 



(7) Aerial Tramways. — These are employed to bring logs 

 from high elevations to lower ones, especially on very rough 

 ground. 



Cost of Logging. — The average daily output and the cost 

 per thousand feet for yarders operating 900 feet of line are 

 given below.^ The costs refer only to the yarding work and 

 are based on a labor expense of $26 per day and a per diem 

 allowance of $10 for upkeep of machinery, blocks, rigging, 

 lines and other equipment. 



A road engine operating for 3000 feet can handle the output 

 of two yarding engines. The crew consists of five men, namely, 

 one engineer, one fireman, one wood-buck, one grab-setter and 

 one chaser. When a road engine handles the output of two 

 yarding crews the cost per thousand feet is approximately as 

 follows, allowing $32.50 per day for labor, deterioration of ma- 

 chinery and road upkeep. 



See the American Lumberman, Chicago, Illinois, September 24, 19 10, 



p. 46. 



