436 



LOGGING 



Logs are loaded both by hand and with power loaders of sev- 

 eral types. 



Water transport is used in regions where suitable streams 

 are available. The logs are hauled to the stream and placed in 

 the channel awaiting a freshet to carry them down stream. 



Cost of Logging. — The cost of contract logging on an opera- 

 tion in the mountainous parts of West Virginia with a twenty- 

 mile railroad haul is as follows: 



Felling 



Road-making and swamping 



Skidding 



Loading 



Office expense 



General expense 



Railroad construction 



Total 



Cost per 1000 

 board feet. 



$5-11 



The total cost of lumber f.o.b. car at the mill for the year 

 igo9 was as follows: 



Logging, including stumpage 



Milling 



Log train service 



Office expense 



General expense, taxes, legal fees, etc. 



Total 



Cost per 1000 

 feet. 



$8.46 



1.64 



1.67 



•15 



•03 



$11.95 



H. ALASKA^ 



Period of Logging. — Chiefly during the warmer months. 



Logging Methods. — Until recently hand logging has been the 

 common method along the shores, but this is now being replaced 

 by the slack-rope system of power logging. The donkeys are 



1 Hoffman, Bruce E.: Sitka Spruce of Alaska. Proceedings of the Society of 

 American Foresters, Vol. VII, No. 2, pp. 226-238. 



