442 LOGGING 



Loblolly pine (P. tada) contains a large amount of resinous 

 material in its sapwood similar in composition to that found in 

 longleaf. The crude turpentine from this species is more fluid 

 in character, dries faster on the face of the cut, and the yield per 

 tree is limited so that this species is not regarded with favor in 

 longleaf regions. However, it has been and still is extensively 

 worked in the Carolinas. 



Cuban pine (P. hetero phylla) which occurs largely in the State 

 of Florida is worked with the longleaf. It bleeds for a longer 

 period than other species and produces only a small amount of 

 scrape. 



Longleaf pine {P. palustris) is the tree most productive of crude 

 turpentine and furnishes the raw material from which the bulk 

 of the world supply of turpentine and rosin are produced. 



Attitude of Lumbermen toward Turpentine Orcharding. — All 

 owners of stumpage are not agreed as to whether it is profitable 

 to bleed pine timber for naval stores because of the increased fire 

 risk, liability to wind damage especially on boxed timber, the 

 depreciated value of the butt log which is the best portion of 

 the tree,^ the increased weight of bled timber which averages 

 about 200 pounds per thousand feet heavier than unbled timber 

 and the loss of killed timber which ranges from i per cent on 

 cupped trees to 5 per cent on boxed timber. 



Stumpage from bled timber is held at from 50 to 65 per 

 cent less than that of unbled. Where timber is now bled, 

 logging follows soon after the cessation of orcharding. Turpen- 

 tining is not as prevalent among operators on the west side of 

 the Mississippi River as on the east side, although the practice 

 appears to be growing as the methods of orcharding are 

 improved. 



Large stumpage owners and lumber operators as a rule prefer 

 to run their own turpentine operations rather than to lease the 

 rights to others. Where leases are made, safeguards are pro- 

 vided in the contract which strictly define the rights and 

 responsibilities of the lessee. The lease may be made on the 



1 Some operators claim that the loss in quality and quantity is fully 20 per 

 cent. 



