45° 



LOGGING 



an angle directly under the apex of the streak. On some opera- 

 tions the faces are cut sometime in advance of the streak. This 

 practice is partly responsible for the criticism that has been 

 made of the cup-and-gutter system since it requires from two to 

 three more chippings to produce the first dip of the season than 

 for the box system. The reason for this is that the upper 

 portion of the two fiat faces have oval outlines, and the resin 

 ducts are formed along the upper edges of the faces. The first 

 chipping is made from each side to the center, and only those 

 ducts along the center of the face are opened. On the other 



Fig. 130. — A Workman cutting Incisions on the Face of the Tree, into whicla 

 Gutters are to be inserted. Herty's system. 



hand, when boxes are used "cornering" makes a straight face, 

 and all ducts along the line of the cut are opened up by the first 

 streak. 



The faces provide a flat surface for the gutters and for hanging 

 the cups. Their cost is less than box corners because they are 

 not cut so deep. A 12-inch broadax is then used to cut in- 

 cisions for the insertion of the gutters which slant at an angle 

 of about 40 degrees. One incision is made on each face, the 

 upper one being about 3 inches below the chipping face and 

 the lower one on the opposite side about i inch lower. 



