TURPENTINE ORCHARDING 



451 



A galvanized gutter is then inserted into each incision, the 

 lower gutter projecting about i^ inches past the upper one so 

 that it forms a spout to carry off the resin from both gutters. A 

 6-penny zinc nail is then driven on the face opposite the lower 

 gutter and in such position that the gum will drain into a cup 

 hung on it. Wire nails were for- 

 merly used for hanging cups but 

 they were difficult to pull from a 

 pitchy face and laborers often 

 left them in the tree, which 

 damaged the saws at the mill 

 when the timber was sawed in- 

 to lumber. Zinc nails are soft 

 enough to be cut by a band saw 

 without injury. 



Cups are hung by crews fol- 

 lowing the gutter placers. At 

 the end of the season cups are 

 removed from the nails and 

 turned upside down by the tree, 

 since they break if water accu- 

 mulates and freezes in them. 



The placement of cups and 

 gutters is done largely by day 

 labor. On an Alabama operation the crew for placing Herty 

 cups and gutters was composed of eighteen men whose duties 

 were as follows: 



Fig. 131. — A Tree equipped with a 

 Herty Cup and Gutters. The first 

 streaks will be cut at the upper edge 

 of each face. 



2 men cutting streaks 

 4 men cutting faces 

 2 men cutting incisions for 

 gutters 



I man distributing gutters 

 6 men placing gutters 



1 man distributing cups 



2 men driving nails and hanging cups 



This crew averaged about 2500 cups per day, and the average 

 cost per crop for labor was $100. 



The second and following seasons only ten men were required 

 to hang the same number of cups, because the streak and face 

 cutters and the gutter and can distributors were not needed. 



