454 LOGGING 



bled. Two men then follow, one using the broadax and the 

 other a maul. A face about 8 inches long and 6 inches wide 

 is cut on the bole just deep enough to expose the wood. This 

 removes loose bark and facilitates the hanging of the cup. A 

 gash is then cut into the face by holding the broadax, head 

 down, against the tree at a sharp angle and striking it two or 

 three times with the maul. The concave face of the apron is 

 inserted and gently driven in this incision, the wood closing 

 over it and holding the apron firmly in position. The cup is 

 then hung on the apron and the crop is ready to turn over to 

 the chipper. 



It is claimed that two experienced men can place about 

 looo cups per day, and the same number of inexperienced hands 

 500 per day. 



THE GILMER-McCALL CUP 



This cup is a radical departure from any heretofore placed on 

 the market. It consists of a circular glass bowl 7 inches long 

 and 3 inches in diameter, to the top of which is screwed a gal- 

 vanized cap. 



This system is designed to do away with the scarification of 

 the bole of the tree, and at the same time prevent the evapora- 

 tion of volatile oils and the accumulation of dirt common in the 

 old-style cups and boxes. 



Two |-inch holes are bored by a power- or hand-driven auger 

 up through the sap at an angle of about 45 degrees. These holes 

 start from a common point on the tree and their length varies 

 with the diameter of the tree, for they must not break through 

 the sapwood nor enter the heartwood. The average length is 

 about 5 inches. A circular hole is then reamed in the bark 

 around the two openings and the cap of the cup inserted into 

 it and fastened to the tree by brads. When the holes become 

 clogged they are reamed out. This system has not proved a 

 success. 



The lease cost of the cups complete f.o.b. is 10 cents per cup 

 the first year, and 2 cents per cup each succeeding year. A 

 power-driven boring machine with tools complete is listed at $150. 



