TURPENTINE ORCR^RDING 



457 



it is dipped into the barrels and allowed to become thoroughly 

 hard, which takes about twenty-four hours. It is then ready 

 for shipment. 



Rosin is separated into fourteen grades, the basis of which is 

 color. The best grade "W.W.," known as "water white," is 

 very transparent and clear, while the lowest grade "A" is black 

 in color. 



The annual yield per crop of turpentine and rosin varies with 

 the number of years the trees have been bled. The average 

 yields are as follows: 



Turpentine. 



Virgin dip . . . 

 Yearling dip, 

 3-year-old dip 

 Bucks 



Gallons. 

 2000-2IOO 



2000 

 IIOO 



800 



Barrels. 

 260 



Higher and highest grades 

 I. H.&G. 

 F. E. D. 

 C. B. A. 



The above figures were secured at a plant where the output of 

 boxes and cups was distilled together. 



During the last two years a crop is worked under the cup 

 system, the yield of turpentine and rosin is somewhat greater 

 and the grade of rosin higher than shown in the above table. 



The usual yield from five barrels of dip is one barrel of spirits 

 of turpentine and three barrels of rosin; and from ten barrels 

 of "scrape," one barrel of spirits of turpentine and three and 

 one-third barrels of rosin. 



Cost of a Distillation Plant. — The estimated cost of establish- 

 ing a turpentine orcharding plant and of working the crop for 

 four years is approximately $2700 where twenty or more crops 

 are managed together. The cost of equipment alone, for twenty 

 crops of boxed timber, including the still, houses, sheds, tools, 

 wagons and mules is about S6000. 



MARKETS 



Savannah is the chief market for naval stores but Jackson- 

 ville, Florida; Charleston, South Carolina; Wilmington, North 

 Carolina; and New Orleans, Louisiana are also important 

 centers. 



