September, igri 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



xm 



[Color. — Bright, clear, well developed col- 

 I, characteristic of the variety. 

 fCommercial Value. — Standard known 

 tarket varieties, a.s grown in and Buited 



the district, preferred. 

 ■Form. — In all cases, except seedlings, re- 

 fers to the normal type or shape of the va- 

 riety, but in the case of seedlings it refers 

 to shape as desired in a commercial variety. 

 A roundish apple is of the most desirable 

 shape, and oblate and oLlong apples least 

 desirable. 



Freedom from Blemish. — Any injury by 

 insects, fungus, bruises, loss of stem, or 

 other causa, lessening the value or appear- 

 ance of til 3 exhibit .shall be called a blem- 

 ish. 



Nomenclature. — Exhibits must be correct- 

 ly named according to the nomenclature 

 adopted by the society, association or ex- 

 hibition at which they are shown. The use 

 of the standard of nomenclature adopted 

 by the American Pomological Society is rec- 

 ommended to such bodies. 



Polishing. — Fruit on exhibition shall have 

 as much of the natural bloom as possible. 

 Judges should discourage polishing. 



Quality and Texture. — To be considered 

 in collections, seedlings, new varieties on 

 trial, or other sorts in competition. 



Season. — In collections it is desirable to 

 have as long a season as possible represent- 

 •ed by the varieties .shown. Varieties pasit 

 condition shown for the purpose of length- 

 ening the season will not, however, score 

 as high as apples in condition though Of 

 later season. 



Size. — "While size in some cases indicates 

 care and skill in production, it is not usual- 

 ly found with the highest color and with 

 freedom from blemishes ; and as large size 

 is not as important as high color and free- 

 dom from blemishes, the largest fruit should 

 not take the first prize unless it is equal 

 or better in other respects than those in 

 competition with it. 



"Uniformity. — Specimens should be as 

 nearly alike in size, form and color as pos- 

 sible. 



EXPLANATION OF TERMS — PACKING AND PACK- 

 AGES 



Alignment. — Alignment refers to the rows 

 of fruit in the box— the straighter and 

 more regular the rows the better is the 

 alignment. 



Attractiveness and Style of Pack.— When 

 the box is opened the fruit should look at- 

 tractive. The skill and good ta.ste of the 

 packer is shown in the appearance of the 

 fruit and the .style of the pack. .There are 

 many styles of pack, but the one should be 

 used which lends itself best to the variety 

 and size of fruit preferred. The fruit should 

 be as nearly alike in size and color as pos- 

 sible. The box also should be clean and 

 attractive looking. 



Bulge. — A bulge or swell in the top row 

 of fruit is necessary in order to ensure the 

 fruit carrying well. Before the top is put 

 on there should be a bulge of one and one- 

 half inches in the centre of the top row and 

 the fruit should be one-quarter of an inch 

 above the top of the box at the ends. When 

 the cover is on there should be a bulge of 

 three-quarters of an inch at the centre, at 

 both top and bottom. 



Facing. — When facing a barrel, or when 

 beginning to pack a barrel, the apples for 

 the fir.st row should be put carefully in with 

 the stem end down, the stems having been 

 first cut off so that they will not injure the 

 fruit when pressed. If slightly smaller ap- 

 ples are used in the outeide rows and larger 

 ones in the centres it improves the appear- 

 ance of the face. A second row is now put 

 in, in the same manner as the first, and 

 these apple.s .should bo arranged so they 

 will show through the spaces between those 



in the first row. These two rows constitute 

 face of the barrel. The fruit used for the 

 face should fairly represent the fruit 

 throughout the barrel, but the apples in 

 these two rows should present as attractive 

 an appearance as possible. The law in re- 

 gard to facing, as defined in the Inspection 

 and Sales Act, is as follows : "No person 

 shall sell or offer, expose or have in his pos- 

 session for sale any fruit packed in any 

 package in which the faced or shown sui-- 

 face gives a false representation of the con- 

 tents of such package, and it shall be con- 

 sidered a false repre.entation when more 

 than fifteen per centum of such fruit _ is 

 substantially smaller in size than, or in- 

 ferior in grade to, or difi^erent in variety 

 from the faced or shown surface of such 

 package. Apples in barrels for exhibition 

 should be packed as required by law. 



Finishing. — By finishing is meant the 

 heading, lining, cleating and marketing of 

 the box or barrel. The heads of the barrel 

 should fit snugly into the chine. For bar- 

 rels, six rosined nails in each head are 

 usually sufficient. They should be skilfully 

 driven through them and through the top 

 or bottom into the ends of the box. The 

 sides of the boxes should be nailed with 

 four nails at each end of each side of the 

 box. The nails used should not be smaller 

 than those known as five-penny. 



Marking. — The marking of barrels and 

 boxes should be distinct and attractive. It 

 should comply with the regulations of the 

 Inspection and Sales Act, which call for the 

 initials of the Christian names of the 

 packer, his surname and his address; the 

 name of the variety of fruit, and the desig- 

 nation of tfie grade, whether it bo "Fancy," 

 "No. 1," "To. 2," or "No. 3." Such mark 

 may be acco;.ipanit-.I by any other designa- 

 tion of grade or orand if that designation 

 or brand is not inconsistent with, or marked 

 more conspicuously than, the one of the 



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Kills KaU. Mice, Roacket, B«d Bugs, 

 Two Kinds 



-For Rats and Mice. 

 'I — por Kijai-hes and 

 Bed Bugs. 



26 



25c.. 50c. and tl.OO. At dealers or mailed direct from 



COMMON SENSE MFC. CO. 381 Queen St, W., Toronto. 



9 GOLD MEDALS IN 2 YEARS FOR 



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Enfield, Middlesex, Eng:land 



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iPll 



THIS HANDSOME 



FOUNTAIN PEN 



FOR YOU 



Every reader of The 

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Those Who 

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Everyone who secures Five 

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 CANADIAN HORTICULTUR- 

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 the helpful information it con- 

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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



PETERBORO 



ONTARIO 



IRON PIPING BARGAINS 



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