348 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlEW 



American uses "quarter sized sections" 

 for the purpose of producing samples 

 to give away, or for any other reason 

 for that matter unless it would be for 

 show purposes : 



Air. Reid, in speaking of the attract- 

 iveness of honey properly put up, said 

 the Japanese excel us in this respect, 

 and referred to a jar which was shown 

 at a previous conversazione. The Amer- 

 icans go to other extremes and sell 

 "chunk" honey, and if they get any im- 

 perfect sections they cut them up and 

 put them into bottles, wath the pieces 

 of comb floating about. A good plan 

 was to give away samples as an adver- 

 tisement. Small sections are produced 

 in America, one quarter the size of the 

 ordinary one for this purpose. 



The Outside Wintering of Bees. 



Under the above heading Air. R. F. 

 Holterman tells in Gleanings in Bee 

 Culture, some of the reasons why he 

 winters his bees outside instead of in 

 his $1,000 cellar. Naturally any reasons 

 which would make an extensive bee- 

 keeper abandon a special repository 

 which had cost him $1,000, and take up 

 outdoor wintering instead, are interest- 

 ing. We read : 



When wintering in the above-named 

 cellar my method was to remove the 

 bees from the cellar and place them 

 on stands. They were next taken to 

 clover pasture, sometimes a distance of 

 thirty miles. Next they were taken to 

 buckwheat, and finally returned to the 

 bee-yard in connection with the cellar. 



By this method the hives and bees 

 were unprotected during the spring, 

 a'so in the autumn, until placed in win- 

 ter quarters about Nov. 20. I was also 

 compelled to be on hand when the 

 cold weather began to moderate in 

 spring, and there was always a good 

 ileal of anxiety as to the best time to 

 set out, sometimes to find that, owing 

 -to conditions of weather, many bees 

 jliad perished in their first flight, and 

 mothers had drifted to the disadvantage 

 of the weaker stocks. 



Again, I had to be on hand in the 

 autumn until about Nov. 20; and even 

 after that, the outside doors required 

 too intelligent and expert judgment to 

 regulate to trust to inexperienced 



hands. The bees were thus often un- 

 protected, which was injurious to them, 

 not only in the spring, but during cold 

 damp days and nights in the fall of the 

 year. In the spring, with low tempera- 

 ture, I have found the bees quiet and 

 inactive, so that practically no enlarge- 

 ment of the brood-space was taking 

 place when bees packed offered a strong 

 contrast in their interior activitv. 



Supersedure of Newly Introduced 

 Queens. 



In a talk with Geo. B. Howe at the 

 Toronto Convention, I learned that he 

 never subjected a queen to the mercy 

 of the mails until he had reduced her 

 egg laying. This he did, if I remember 

 correctly, by putting the queen in 

 neuclus for a short time before mailing. 

 This no doubt has much to do with 

 successful introduction, and I notice 

 that Arthur C. Alil'er holds the same 

 view as is evidenced by what he says in 

 Gleanings in Bee Culture in the follow- 

 ing : 



How very frequently the complaint is 

 heard that the bees superseded some 

 choice queen recently introduced! The 

 trouble is generally laid to harm to 

 the queen caused by mailing, or to some 

 injury such as a lost leg, etc. In all 

 these cases, with rarely an exception, 

 the queens were introduced in cages 

 and released by the eat-out p'an. Alan 

 meddled and muddled as usual. De- 

 queening and immediate direct introduc- 

 tion of the new queen is rarely followed 

 by attempted supersedure, even though 

 the queen came from a distance. If, 

 however, the queen was taken in the 

 full tide of her laying, and caged with 

 the ordinary quota of attendants, she 

 may have received such a shock to her 

 system that she will never again be 

 good. 



When the bees start to supersede a 

 recently introduced queen, the trouble 

 may be stopped by the following pro- 

 cedure : Remove the started cells, also 

 two combs of capped and emerging 

 brood, and in their place put from an- 

 other colony two comljs of hatching eggs 

 and very young larvje. That is a'l. 



If the attempts at supersedure are 

 resumed it can be stated with certainty 

 that the queen is really failing. There 

 ( Contiu lied on page 354) 



