The Canadian Horticulturist. 17 



(9) The same treatment is recommended for the pear as for the apple, 

 before blooming, but the copper-arsenic solution is advised after blooming. 



(10) The Bordeaux mixture, if used too late, causes a russet appearance 

 on both pears and apples. 



(11) The quince may be treated the same as apples, or with Bordeaux 

 mixture alone. 



(12) The treatment advised for the cherry consists in making two or three 

 applications of Paris green, 2 ounces to 50 gallons of water. 



(13) Peach trees and American varieties of plums have very tender 

 foliage, and must be ireated with very weak mixtures, if at all. 



(14) Raspberries may be treated with Bordeaux mixture alone; grapes 

 with the same until the fruit sets, after which use copper carbonate. Potatoes 

 should be sprayed at least five times with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. 



ABOUT CULTIVATING ORCHARDS. 



HE diverse treatment which orchards receive throughout the country 

 affords a lesson showing the great benefit of giving them the best 

 management, and the loss from neglected treatment. Neglect is too 

 common, and poor crops and scabby fruit is the result. In contrast 

 with these neglected orchards, are a few to which the owners give 

 MC^4'*'' the best attention, and who receive good prices for the copious 

 ^^ returns of handsome fruit. One orchard of this class, which has 



grown to full bearing size, affords the owner a handsome profit every year, while 

 his careless neighbors receive not more than one-fourth of his returns. This 

 well-managed orchard is kept in grass, which is grazed short by sheep, the 

 grass afforded them being only one-half or two-thirds as much as would give 

 them full feed, the deficiency being made up with grain or meal. This is fed to 

 them regularly in long broad troughs. The sheep eat every wormy apple as it 

 falls, and the fruit is thus kept nearly clear from insects. The droppings of the 

 sheep enrich the ground, and a top dressing of barn manure is added yearly. 

 The sales of the fruit from this orchard for many years have been equal to one 

 hundred dollars from each acre it occupies. The shade of the apple trees pre- 

 vents a rank growth of the grass, and the grazing of the sheep gives it somewhat 

 the api)earance of a lawn. The owners of some other excellent orchards, who 

 cannot use sheep, apply yard or barn manure more copiously. In one of the 

 finest visited, the annual application of manure had gradually made it two or 

 three inches deep ; the result was a superb crop of apples. Other orchards, 

 with less manure, are kept clean and mellow with a gang plow or Acme harrow, 

 to ko<'p the surface clean atid in a finely [>ulverized condition.- -1'a. 



