THE REASON WHY : 



So from the first eternal order ran, 



And creature link'd to creature man to man." POPB. 



and civilization remained unknown. Among such people the arts 

 are confined to the construction of huts, the preparation of skins 

 for covering, and to the manufacture of spears and other weapons. 

 The inhabitants of the northern and eastern parts of Siberia, and 

 the savages of North America, are almost the only people who arf 

 now to be found in this primitive state. Those people who feed 

 numerous herds of cattle, in localities where it was necessary to 

 seek new pastures for their maintenance, necessarily adopted a 

 wandering life. Travelling in numbers, they acquired ideas ol 

 property and of mutual rights ; and inequality of condition sooi 

 gave one man power over another. But the wandering life in search 

 i>f new pastures and more agreeable climates, kept them still within 

 rery narrow limits of civilization. The Laplanders in the north of 

 Europe, the Tartars, who inhabit the vast region in the interior of 

 Asia, the Bedouin Arabs, who occupy the sands of Arabia and the 

 aorth of Africa, and the Caflres and Hottentots in Southern 

 Africa, are the principal wandering tribes that still remain. In 

 countries where the nature of the soil and the value of the pro- 

 ductions rendered an abiding residence essential, people took to 

 agriculture, acquired property in land, developed themselves into 

 classes, instituted laws, became less predatory and warlike ; and 

 when, in the division of labour and duty, the functions of the 

 civilian became separated from those of the soldier, the civil portion 

 of society cultivated various improvements and assumed the habits 

 of civilized men. 



11. tVJiat is the chief physical distinction between man and 



the inferior animals ? 



The brain of man is proportionally much larger, and the jaws 

 are much shorter than in any other being. The brain, by its great 

 extent, forms the protuberance of the occipital bone, the forehead, 

 and all that part of the head which is above the ears. 



In the inferior animals the brain is so small that most of them 

 have no occiput, and the front is either wanting or but little raised. 

 Man combines by far the largest cranium with the smallest face, 



