RECENT ADVANCES 



IN THE 



PHYSIOLOGY OF MOTION IN ANIMALS 



OF CILIARY MOTION.* 



SOME additional information has been obtained with regard to the parts 

 occupied by ciliary epithelium in the human subject, and in mammalia 

 generally. It is found, f for example, that this variety of epithelium, 

 besides lining the interior of the nasal cavity, and of the frontal and 

 maxillary sinuses communicating with this cavity, is continued up the 

 lachrymal canal into the lachrymal sac, and is also spread over the 

 mucous surface of both eyelids, but not over the conjunctiva covering the 

 eye itself. From the posterior part of the nasal cavity, the ciliary 

 epithelium passes to the upper part of the pharynx, which it lines to 

 about opposite the lower border of the atlas : it is also spread over 

 the posterior surface of the root of the soft palate, and laterally it is con- 

 tinued to the orifice of the Eustachian tube, up which canal it extends 

 into the cavity of the tympanum. 



It was until recently believed that the ciliary motion is entirely wanting 

 in the urinary apparatus of Vertebrata. But it has been found by Mr. 

 Bowman,]; that in frogs a layer of ciliary epithelium lines the urinary 

 tubules just at their junction with the Malpighian capsules ; and this obser- 

 vation has been verified by Bischoff, Valentin, || and others. Valentin 

 was able to trace the ciliary motion even within the Malpighian capsules; 

 so also was Pappenheim. In the kidneys of lizards, Kolliker ^[ states he 

 has observed ciliary movements along the entire length of the urinary 

 tubules, except at their exit from the gland, and just where they dilate 

 into their terminal extremities within the substance of the organ. No 



* Vide Book iv. section 1, Chapter ii. p. 853, of Professor Muller's Elements of 

 Physiology. 



+ Vide Henle's Allgemeine Anatomie, p. 246 et seq. for the best recent account of the 

 localities of ciliary epithelium. 



Philosophical Transactions, 1842. Muller's Archiv. 1843, p. 132. 



|| Repertorium, b. viii.p. 92. U Muller's Archiv. 1845, p. 519. 



