62 



PAL^ONTOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



True Exogenous trees exist in the coal-fields both of Enir- 

 land and Scotland, as at Lennel Braes and Allan Bank, in 

 Berwickshire ; High-Heworth, Fellon, Gateshead, and Wide- 

 open, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; and in quarries to the west of 



Fig. 48. 



Durham ; also in Craigleith quarry, near Edinburgh, and in the 

 quany at Granton, now under water. In the latter localities 

 they lay diagonally athwart the sandstone strata, at an angle of 

 about 30°, with the thicker and heavier part of their trunks 

 below, like snags in the Mississippi. From their direction we 

 infer that they have been drifted by a stream which has flowed 



Fig. 48. Foliage and fruits of Calamites. 1 and 2. Asterophyl- 

 lites; 3 and 4. Annularia; 5 and 6. Sphenophyllum. 



