64 PAL^ONTOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



4-5 series of cells in the medullary rays, and P. prima3vum 

 (Pitus primtBva), with 10-15 series of cells in the medullary 

 rays, occur at Tweedmill and Lennel Braes in Berwickshire ; 

 Pence Withami (Fig. 1, p. 3) at Hilltop, near Durham, and 

 at Craigleith. Sternbergia is considered by Williamson as a 

 Dadoxylon, with a discoid pith like that seen now-a-days in 

 the Walnut, Jasmine, and Cecropia peltata, as well as in some 

 species of Euphorbia.* Sternbergia approximata is named by 

 him Dadoxylon approximatum. Hooker believes from the 

 structure of Trigonocarpum (Fig. 50) that it is a coniferous 

 fruit nearly allied to Salisburia (Trans. Roy. Soc. 1854). 

 Several species of Trigonocarpum occur in the Carboni- 

 ferous rocks, such as T. oliv^eforme from Bolton (Plate II. 

 Fig. 5), and T. sulcatum from Wardie, near Edinburgh (Plate 

 II. Fig. 6). Noeggerathia and a few other plants, such as 

 Flabellaria and Artisia, are referred by Brongniart to Cyca- 

 dacege. Flabellaria borassifolia, according to Peach, has 

 leaves like Yucca. Noeggerathia has pinnate leaves, cunei- 

 form leaflets, sometimes fan-shaped ; the veins arise from the 

 base of the leaflets, are equal in size, and either remain simple 

 or bifurcate, the nervation (venation) being similar to that of 

 some Zamias. 



The fossils of this period, referred to as Antholithes,t have 

 just been shown by Mr. Carruthers to be the inflorescence of 

 Cardiocarpum (Geol. Mag. Feb. 1872), and he proposes to set 

 aside the former name, confining it to the tertiary fossils to 

 which it was originally given by Brongniart, and to use the 

 latter name. The main axis of the inflorescence is simple, 

 stout, and marked externally with interrupted ridges. The 



* Williamson on the Structure and Affinities of Sternbergise, in 

 Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Mem. ix. Dawson on Sternbergia, in 

 Edin. New Phil. Journ., new series, vii. 140. 



t See Notice of A7itholithes Pitcairnice, by 0. W. Peach, in Bot. Soc. 

 Trans. Edin. vol. xi. 



