66 - 



PAL^ONTOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



we are able to give figures. The first figure is from the spe- 

 cimens collected by Mr. Peach at Falkirk. It is Cardiocarpum 

 Lindleyi (Figs. 51, 52); it has a primary axis with sub- 

 opposite axillary axes, bearing four to six lanceolate leaves 

 and three or four pedicels. Primary bracts short and arcuate. 

 Fruit ovate-cordate, with an acute bifid apex, and a ridge 

 passing up the middle of the fruit. 



The second species is Cardiocarpum anomalum (Fig. 53) 



from Coalbrookdale ; 

 it has a primary axis 

 with alternate or sub- 

 opposite axillary axes, 

 slender and elongated, 

 bearing many linear 

 leaves, and several 

 slender pedicels; pri- 

 mary bracts long, slen- 

 der, and straight ; 

 Fig. 53. fruits small, margined. 



The somewhat magnified separate fruit {a) shows the thickness 

 of the pericarp and the enclosed seed. 



In the bituminous shale at Granton, near Edinburgh, Dr. 

 Robert Paterson discovered in 1840 a peculiar fossil plant, 

 which he called Pothocites Grantoni (Fig. 54, a). It is figured 

 in the Transactions of the Edinburgh Botanical Society, vol. i. 

 March 1840. It is a spike covered by parallel rows of flowers 

 (Fig. 54, 5), each apparently *vith a 4-cleft calyx (Fig. 54, c). 

 It was supposed to be allied to Potamogeton or Pothos, more 

 probably to the latter. In that case it must be referred to the 

 natural order Arace«. The original specimen is deposited in 

 the museum at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 



Our knowledge of the real state of the vegetation of the 



Fig. 53. Cardiocarpum anomalum (Carr.), natural size : with sepa- 

 rate fruit (a), twice natural size — Coal-measures, Coalbrookdale. 



