78 



PAL^ONTOLOGICAL BOTANY. 



Cardiocarpum (21 species), and Carpolitlies (9 species), are all 

 fruits of Cycade^e. Many supposed fossil Cycads are looked 

 upon by Carrutliers as Coniferte. Zamia macrocepliala, or 

 Zamites macrocephalus, or Zamiostrobus macrocephalus, is 

 called by him Pinites macrocephalus ; Zamia ovata, or Zamites 

 ovatus, or Zamiostrobus ovatus, is Pinites ovatus ; Zamia 

 Sussexiensis is Pinites Sussexiensis. Among other species of 

 Pinites noticed by Carruthers are Pinites oblongus, P. Ben- 

 stedi, P. Dunkeri, P. Mantellii, P. patens, P. Fittoni, P. 

 elongatus. It is important to notice that in an existing Cycad 

 called Stangeria paradoxa the veins of the pinnas rise from a 

 true midrib and fork, characters which render untenable the 

 distinction usually relied upon between the foliage of Ferns 

 and Cycads. 



In Brongniart's Yosgesian period, the Gr^s bigarr^, or the 

 Red Sandstones and Conglomerates of the Triassic system, 

 there is a change in the flora. Sigillarias and Lepidodendrons 



Fig. 76. 



disappear, and in their place we meet with Gymnosperms, 

 belonging to the genera Voltzia, Haidingera, Zamites, Ctenis, 



Fig. 76. Schizo7ieura heterojjhylla, one of the fossil Coniferoe of the 

 Triassic system. 



