LITERATURE OF THE SUBJECT. 105 



21. The plants forming coal have grown in the basin where the coal 



is found ; but sandstone rocks in the coal-measures deposited 

 by water having a considerable velocity, and consequently 

 carrying power, contain sometimes trunks of large trees which 

 have been drifted like snags. 



22. The strata between the Permian epoch and Chalk display nume- 



rous Gymnosperms, especially belonging to the Cycadaceous 

 Order. Some of them exhibit limited coal deposits. 



23. The Chalk and Tertiary strata display not only Acrogens and 



Gymnosperms, but also Angiospermous Dicotyledons, some of 

 which, at the Miocene period, belong apparently to genera of 

 the present day. 



24. Brown Coal occurs in the Upper Tertiary beds, and in it vegetable 



structure is easily seen under the microscope. 



25. Raulin thinks that during the Tertiary epoch the flora of Europe 



has gradually assumed a more temperate character. 



26. The Eocene flora, according to linger, resembled in many respects 



that of Australia at the present day. 



27. The Miocene flora is characterised by a number of exotic forms of 



warm regions with those of temperate climates. It is largely 

 seen in the Arctic Regions. 

 29. The Pliocene flora has great analogy with that of the temperate 

 regions of Europe, North America, and JajDan. 



On the subject of Fossil Botany the following works may 

 be consulted : — 



Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 



Band. ii. Wien. 1855. 

 Argyll, Duke of, on Tertiary Leaf-Beds in the Isle of Mull, Journ. 



Geol. Soc. Lond., vii. May 1851. 

 Balfour, J. H., on certain Vegetable Organisms in Coal from Fordel, 



Trans. R.S.E., vol. xxi. p. 187. 

 Baily, W. H., Figures of Characteristic British Fossils, 1871-2. 

 Bennett, J. Hughes, on the Structure of Torbane Hill Mineral and 



other Coals, Trans. R. Soc. Ed., vol. xxi. p. 173. 

 Binney, E. AV., on Calamites and Calamodendron, Palseontographical 



Society's Memoirs, 1868. 

 on the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous 



Strata. Palseontographical Society's Memoirs, 1871. 

 Description of some Fossil Plants, showing Structure in the 



