112 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Fig. 11. Scale of Araucarites Pliillipsii, Carr. From the Oolite of 

 Yorkshire. 

 All the figures on this Plate (except Fig. 2, which is one- 

 half of the natural size) are drawn the size of nature. 



PLATE III. 



Fig. 1. Mass of coal from Fordel, Fifeshire, containing numerous 

 sporangia of Flemiugites. These sporangia occur in coal 

 from different localities in England and Scotland. Binney 

 has seen them in Wigan coal. Huxley has found them 

 abounding in coal near Bradford (Balfour, R.S.E. Trans.) 



Fig. 2. One of the Sporangia entire, and separated from the coal 

 (Balfour). 



Fig. 3. Sporangium with its valves separated, containing a quantity 

 of black carbonaceous matter in its interior (Balfour). 

 This matter is formed by the altered spores (microspores). 



Fig. 4. Sporangium, showing the triradiate marking on the under sur- 

 face, and a granulation produced probably by the spores in 

 the interior. 



Fig. 5. Punctated woody tissue (Coniferous). From the needle coal of 

 Toplitz, Bohemia (Harkness). 



Fig. G. Scalariform vessels from coal (Balfour). 



Fig. 7. Stigmaria, with markings of rootlets. One showing the 

 papilla to which the rootlet was articulated (Hooker). 



Fig. 8. Transverse section of Stigmaria, showing the vascular cylinder 

 divided into wedges (Hooker). 



Fig. 9. Tissues of Stigmaria, showing the inner portion of the vas- 

 cular cylinder (Hooker). 



Fig. 10. Transverse section of a Lepidostrobus, the fructification of 

 Lepidodendron, showing scales and sporangia (Hooker). 



Fig. 11. Ulodendron Taylori (Carruthers). 



PLATE IV. 



Fig. 1. Sigillaria Brownii, restored (Dawson). 



Fig. 2. Sigillaria clegans, restored (Dawson). 



Fig. 3. Lepidodendron, restored (Carruthers, Bot. Soc. Trans.) 



Fig. 4. Calamites, restored (Carruthers, Bot. Soc. Trans.) 



Fig. 5. Psilophyton, a fossil of the Devonian epoch (Dawson). 



