THE JERSEY, ALDERNEY AND GUERNSEY COW. 85 



the first-class cows, but in all others to a limited 

 extent. 



The 3d, or lip-shaped tuft, is only seen as a sign of 

 deterioration in the two first classes ; it is constituted 

 by descending hairs, and is an indication of defect, in its 

 special class, so far as milking qualities are concerned. 



The 4th is likewise a deteriorating sign. 



The perinseal tuft may exist in cows otherwise well 

 marked, but it indicates that the animal will have a great 

 diminution in the amount of milk it yields so soon as it 

 becomes pregnant. 



The thigh tufts indicate a diminution in the yield of 

 milk proportionate to their extent. 



The mesian, or dart-like tuft, with soft, silky, ascending 

 hair, is rarely seen, and only in those classes in which 

 the scutcheon does not ascend to the vulva. 



Regarding the varieties of scutcheons as characterizing 

 different classes of cows, it is almost impossible, and I 

 think not necessary, to translate Guenon's inappropriate 

 names. The ten classes are represented each by its 

 most perfect specimen in the foregoing wood-cuts. The 

 first class has a scutcheon, the outline of which is shown 

 at figs. I, 2, 3. Cows thus marked have been termed, 

 by Guenon, Flandrines, simply because the breed of 

 cows in Flanders excels all others for its milking quali- 

 ties, and many of that breed bear a similar mark. I 

 shall confine myself to mentioning the other names of 

 classes, stating the numbers of the figures representing 

 them. Flandrines a gauche, figs. 4, 5, 6. Lisieres, fig. 



