440 " SKULLS OF WESTEEN AFEICANS, App. L 



outlines of the greatest horizontal circumference of 

 the cranium ; and from the monograph in prepara- 

 tion I have selected three specimens for more par- 

 ticular description, from photographs of which the 

 accompanying woodcuts have been taken. 



Figures 1, 2, and 3 are of the skull (No. 24) of a 

 male native of Fernand Yaz between twenty and 

 thirty years of age. 



The cranium is narrow, and so is proportionally 

 long ; the occiput is convex or hemispheroid ; tlie 

 forehead low and narrow ; the parietal bosses scarcely 

 marked ; the frontal sinuses are slightly protuberant, 

 the right more so than the left. Yiewing, with one 

 eye, the upper surface of the cranium, held at arm's 

 length, with the foremost part of the face just hidden 

 by the frontal or supraciHary border of tlie cranium, 

 the outer border of the hind half of the zygomata is 

 visible. Viewed from the base, as in fig. 3, the in- 

 tervals between the arches and the alisphenoid walls 

 of the cranium appear of the greater width commonly 

 characterizing the skulls of low races as compared 

 with more advanced and bigger-brained people. 



The usual sutures of the adult are present, toge- 

 ther with the outer half of that between the ex- and 

 super-occipital (on the outside of the skull) ; the 

 frontal suture is obliterated, as in most adult skulls. 

 The lambdoid, or occipi to-parietal suture, is moderately 

 broad and crenulate, with a small " wormian " ossicle 

 on the left side. The mastoid suture is narrow and 

 crenate where it joins the ex -occipital, but be- 

 comes a linear "harmonia" as it extends to the 

 jugular foramen. The masto-parietal is crenate but 



