CONTENTS 



PAGE 



' To the Student i 



PART I 



ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 



Meaning of the Terms 9 



A Generalized Plant (Spirogyra) n 



A Specialized Plant (e.g., The Bean Seedling) . 16 



Structure of the Foliage Leaf 17 



Transpiration 22 



Absorption of Water by Plants 29 



The Path of Water in the Plant: Structure of Stems 34 



Mechanical Uses of Water in the Plant ". 42 



v Nutrition 45 



The Occurrence of Carbohydrates in Plants 46 



Formation of Carbohydrates 51 



The Digestion of Starch: Translocation 54 



Alcoholic Fermentation 56 



Respiration 59 



The Influence of External Conditions on the Plant 62 



PART II 



MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY 



Meaning of the Terms 65 



An Outline of the Classification of Plants 67 



Directions for Study 69 



Polypodium vulgare (Common polypody) 69 



Polytrichum commune (Common hair-cap moss) ........ 80 



Marchantia polymorpha (A liverwort) - 90 



ix 



