82 MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY 



9. Do you find a swelling of the seta (apophysis), 

 just beneath the sporangium? If so, describe and 

 locate it accurately. Do its cells contain chloro- 

 phyll ? Of what function is, or is not, the apophysis 

 therefore capable? 



10. Remove and study the cap (calyptra) that fits 

 over the sporangium. Describe its shape, margin, 

 character of surface, outgrowths, if any. 



11. Study the color, shape, and other features of the 

 sporangium disclosed by removing the calyptra. 

 Measure its length and breadth. Describe its 

 attitude on the seta (i.e., erect, pendant, etc). De- 

 scribe its outline in imaginary cross-section. If 

 it is angled, record the number of angles. 



12. Describe the shape and surface of the lid (oper- 

 culum) at the end of the sporangium, and just under 

 the calyptra. 



13. Make a drawing, ten times natural size, showing 

 the sporangium, the calyptra removed, and a por- 

 tion of the seta. 



14. Carefully remove the operculum and preserve it. 

 On the margin of the sporangium, underneath the 

 operculum, observe the circle of teeth-like organs 

 (peristome). Record the number of teeth. Is 

 this number constant? Is it always either even 

 or odd? Draw. 



15. In fresh dry specimens describe the effect of the 

 breath upon the position of the teeth of the peri- 

 stome. 



1 6. Describe the membrane (epiphragm) within the 

 peristome, and covering the end of the capsule. 

 Is it perforated? What is its relation to the teeth 

 of the peristome? 



17. Make a drawing, 30 mm. in diameter, illustrating 



