94 MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY 



cells brown oil globules may be observed. 

 If these are found, describe their location, 

 and relative size. Do the cells that contain 

 oil globules also contain protoplasm? Infer 

 the source of the oil. 



(h) Make drawings to illustrate all features observed 

 under D, 3. 



E. Vegetative Propagation: 



1. There are two ways in which Marchantia can 

 propagate itself without the intervention of gametes. 

 In the first place, a portion of the thallus, broken 

 off, is capable of developing into a mature individual. 

 Somewhat, though not sharply, distinguished from 

 this method is reproduction by means of the 

 gemmae. State two differences between a gemma 

 and a fern or moss spore. 



2. Incorporate the above facts into your notes at this 

 point, using your own language, and state to what 

 kind of reproduction each of the above methods 

 belongs. 



F. Sexual Reproduction: 



i. Study plants having the upright stalks which bear 

 the sexual reproductive organs. 



The antheridial branch 



Naked-eye Characters: 



(a) The stalks having the mushroom-shaped tops 

 bear the antheridia, and are hence called the 

 antheridial branches, or antheridiophores. The 

 expanded portion borne at the summit of the 

 stalk, is the antheridial receptacle. 



(b) Study and describe the stalks of the antheridio- 

 phores. On what region of the thallus are these 



