194 Medical Bacteriology. 



EXERCISE CXI. EXAMINATION OF TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES. 



The material should be collected in sterile vessels under aseptic precautions. Make 

 several cover-glass preparations and stain one with Loeffler's methylen blue and the 

 others with gentian violet or carbol-fuchsin. Mount and examine. 



a. If staphylococci alone are present search for the pyogenic micrococci. 



b. If streptococci suspect S. pyogenes. 



c. If diplococci or tetracocci. 



1. Within the pus-cells test for M. gonorrhoeae or M. intracellularis. 



2. Free. 8. tetragena. 



d. If bacilli any of the following may be searched for: 



1. B. colt. This organism is likely to be found especially in suppurative 

 peritonitis and diseases of the urinary organs. 2. B. anthracis. 3. B. pneumoniae. 

 4. B. tuberculosis. 5. B. leprae. 6. B. mallei. 7. B. pestis. 8. P. aeruginosa. 9. 

 B. welchii. 10. B. oedematis. 11. B. tetani. 



e. Streptothrix actinomyces. 



f. Amoeba coli. 



PYOGENIC MICROCOCCI. These organisms are frequ ently present in pus and should be 

 isolated and identified in pure cultures as microscopical examinations alone will not, 

 suffice. 



STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES. This organism is not infrequently present and can be 

 readily identified by culture methods. 



MICROCOCCUS GONORRHOEAE. Pus should be collected in a sterile receptacle or 

 spread on cover-glasses and allowed to dry, but should not be allowed to dry and then wet 

 up again to spread, as this destroys the pus-cells, and hence the value of the material for 

 diagnosis. 

 Stain: 



1. a. Loeffler's methylen blue 3-5 minutes. 



b. Wash in water. 



c. Dry, mount in balsam and examine with jV in. oil immersion. 



d. Look for a biscuit- shaped diplococcus within the pus-cells. 



2. By Gram's method- 



a. Anilin oil gentian violet 15 minutes. 



b. Wash in water- 



c. Treat with iodine solution 2 minutes. 



d. Decolorize with alcohol. 



e. Counter- stain with Bismark brown, f minutes. 

 /. Wash, dry and moiiut in balsam. 



g. Examine with oil immersion. 



If the gonococci are present they will be stained brown. 

 If diagnosis is of great importance make cultures as follows: 



1) Make 6 or more streak cultures on blood agar or better make plates on Wertheim's 

 medium (p. 99). Grow at 38 C. 



2) Make a set of ordinary agar plates or streak cultures and keep at 38 C. 



The gonococcus grows on the first two media but not on the plain agar. The 

 gonococcus is the only organism that: 



