84 CRITICISMS ON “ THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES ” 
apparatus thoroughly well adapted to a particula: 
purpose might be the result of a method of trial 
and error worked by unintelligent agents, as well 
as of the direct application of the means appro- 
priate to that end, by an intelligent agent. 
Now it appears to us that what we have here 
for illustration’s sake, supposed to be done with 
the watch, is exactly what the establishment of 
Darwin’s Theory will do for the organic world, 
For the notion that every organism has been 
_ created as it is and launched straight at a purpose 
| Mr. Darwin substitutes the conception of some: 
thing which may fairly be termed a method of 
trial and error. Organisms vary incessantly; of 
these variations the few meet with surrounding 
| conditions which suit them and thrive ; the many 
are unsuited and become extinguished. : 
According to Teleology, each organism is like a. 
rifle bullet fired straight at a mark; according to 
Darwin, organisms are like grapeshot of which one 
rits somiothiihys and the rest fall wide. ¥ 
| For the talenloael an organism exists because 
it was made for ive Soidstionss in which it is found ; 
for the Darwinian an organism exists because, out 
of many of its kind, it is the only one which has’ 
been able to persist in the conditions in which it 
is found. t 
Teleology implies that the organs of every” 
organism are perfect and cannot be improved ; the 
Davisiies theory simply affirms that they work 
