300 OBITUARY x 
appearing at first sight very complex, that I pro- 
cured various other kinds of climbing plants 
and studied the whole subject. . . . Some of the 
adaptations displayed by climbing plants are as 
beautiful as those of orchids for ensuring cross- 
fertilisation.” (I, p. 93.) 
In the midst of all this amount of work, 
remarkable alike for its variety and its importance, 
among plants, the animal kingdom was by no 
means neglected. A large moiety of “The 
Variation of Animals and Plants under Domesti- 
cation” (1868), which contains the piéces justijica- 
tives of the first chapter of the “ Origin,” is devoted 
to domestic animals, and the hypothesis of 
“pangenesis ” propounded in the second volume 
applies to the whole living world. In the “Ori- 
gin” Darwin throws out some suggestions as to 
the causes of variation, but he takes heredity, as it 
is manifested by individual organisms, for granted, 
as an ultimate fact; pangenesis is an attempt to 
account for the phenomena of heredity in the 
organism, on the assumption that the physiological 
units of which the organism is composed give off 
gemmules, which, in virtue of heredity, tend to 
reproduce the unit from which they are derived. — 
That Darwin had the application of his theory 
to the origin of the human species clearly in his 
mind in 1859, is obvious from a passage in the 
first edition of “The Origin of Species.” (Ed. I 
p. 488.) “In the distant future I see open fields’ 
: 
