Ext PHENOMENA OF ORGANIC NATURE 431 
man, and can tell a Chinaman from an English- 
-man. ‘They each have peculiar characteristics of 
colour and physiognomy; but you must recollect 
_ that the characters of these races go very far 
_ deeper—they extend to the bony structure, and to 
the characters of that most important of all organs 
" to us—the brain; so that, among men belonging 
to different races, or even within the same race, 
one man shall have a brain a third, or half, or even 
seventy per cent. bigger than another ; and if you 
take the whole range of human basins you will 
find a variation in some cases of a hundred per 
cent. Apart from these variations in the size of 
the brain, the characters of the skull vary. Thus 
if I draw the figures of a Mongol and of a Negro 
head on the blackboard, in the case of the last the 
breadth would be about seven-tenths, and in the 
other it would be nine-tenths of the total length. 
So that you see there is abundant evidence of 
variation among men in their natural condition. 
And if you turn to other animals there is just the 
same thing. The fox, for example, which has a 
very large geographical distribution all over 
_ Europe, and parts of Asia, and on the American 
Continent, varies greatly. There are mostly large 
foxes in the North, and smaller ones in the South. 
In Germany alone the foresters reckon some eight 
different sorts, 
Of the tiger, no one supposes that there is more 
than one species; they extend from the hottest 
