INDEX 



4S7 



Kerner, Professor, on use of external 

 characters of plants, 133 

 on seeds found on glaciers, 366 



Kingfishers illustrating divergence of 

 character, 109 



Lacerta miiralis, diagram of varia- 

 tion of, 47 

 Lagopus scoticus, origin of, 107 

 Lamarck, on origin of species, 3 

 Land debris deposited near coasts, 



343 

 and ocean, diagram showing 



comparative height and depth 



of, 345 

 Large animals, cause of extinction of, 



394 

 Larvae of moths, variability of, 46 

 Laughers, Frill-backs, Nuns, Spots, 



and Swallows, 93 

 Law of relation of colour and nest, 



278, 279 

 Laws of animal coloration, 296 

 Lawson Tait, on uses of tails, 136 

 Leaf-butterflies, 207 

 LeguminosEe, rare in oceanic islands, 



368 

 Lemuria, an unsound hypothesis, 354 

 Lepidoptera, variation of, 44 

 Leyden Museum, diagram shomng 



variability of birds in, 61 

 Life, Weismann on duration of, 437 



(note) 

 Limenitis misippus mimics Danais 



archippus, 248 

 Ursula mimics Papilio philenor, 



248 

 Linnaeus, on rapid increase of the 



flesh-fly, 25 

 Livingstone, his sensations when 



seized by a lion, 38 

 Lizards, variation among, 46 



diagram of variation of, 48 

 sexual colours of, 281 

 Local colour adaptations, 199 

 Locusts with warning colours inedible, 



267 

 Longicorns mimic Malacoderms, 257 

 Low, Mr., on eff'ects of close inter- 

 breeding, 160 



Low, Mr., on fertile crosses between 

 sheep and goat, 162 

 on selective association, 172 

 Low forms of life, continued exist- 

 ence of, explained, 114 

 forms, persistence of, 121 

 temperature of tropics not 

 needed to explain plant dis- 

 persal, 370 

 Lower types, extinction 6f, among the 



higher animals, 114 

 Lubbock, Sir John, on forms of 

 leaves, 133 

 on imperfect counting of early 

 man, 464 

 Lyell, Sir Charles, on variation of 

 species, 4 

 on the shifting of continents, 

 342 



M 



Madagascar and New Zealand, 



347 

 Madeira, wingless beetles of, 105 

 Maize, origin of, 98 

 Male rivalry, a real cause of selec- 

 tion, 283 

 Males of many animals fights to- 

 gether, 282 

 Malm, on eyes of flatfish, 129 

 Mammalia, variation of, 65 



sexual colours of, 281, 282 

 afl'ord crucial tests of theories of 



distribution, 353 

 early forms of, 407 

 geological distribution of, 408 

 Mammary glands, supposed origin 



of, 129 

 Man, summary of animal character- 

 istics of, 454 

 geological antiquity of, 455 

 early remains of, in California, 



456 

 probably as old as the Miocene, 



457 

 probaljle birthplace of, 459 

 origin of moral and intellectual 



nature of, 461 

 possesses mental qualities not 

 derived exclusively from his 

 animal progenitors, 474 



