MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND LOWER ANIMALS. 175 



interval in mental power between one of the lowest fishes, 

 as a lamprey or lancelet, and one of the higher apes than 

 between an ape and man ; yet this interval is filled up by 

 numberless gradations. 



Nor is the difference slight in moral disposition be- 

 tween a barbarian, such as the man described by the old 

 navigator Byron, who dashed his child on the rocks for 

 dropping a basket of sea-urchins, and a Howard or Clark- 

 son ; and in intellect between a savage, who uses hardly 

 any abstract terms, and a Newton or Shakespeare. Dif- 

 ferences of this kind between the highest men of the 

 highest races and the lowest savages, are connected by 

 the finest gradations. Therefore it is possible that they 

 might pass and be developed into each other. 



In what manner the mental powers were 



first developed in the lowest organisms is as 



hopeless an inquiry as how life itself first originated. 



These are problems for the distant future, if they are ever 



to be solved by man. 



FUNDAMENTAL INTUITION'S THE SAME IN' MAN AND 

 THE OTHER ANIMALS. 



As man possesses the same senses as the 

 lower animals, his fundamental intuitions must 

 be the same. Man has also some few instincts in com- 

 mon, as that of self-preservation, sexual love, the love of 

 the mother for her new-born offspring, the desire pos- 

 sessed by the latter to suck, and so forth. But man, per- 

 haps, has somewhat fewer instincts than those possessed 

 by the animals which come next to him in the series. 

 The orang in the Eastern islands and the chimpanzee in 



