182 DARWINISM STATED BY DARWIN HIMSELF. 



power of association from those low in the scale, such as 

 the pike, as well as in that of drawing inferences and of 

 observation. 



THE LOWER ANIMALS PROGRESS IN" INTELLIGENCE. 



_ To maintain, independently of any direct 



evidence, that no animal during the course of 

 ages has progressed in intellect or other mental faculties, 

 is to beg the question of the evolution of species. We 

 have seen that, according to Lartet, existing mammals 

 belonging to several orders have larger brains than their 

 ancient tertiary prototypes. 



It has often been said that no animal uses any tool ; 

 but the chimpanzee, in a state of nature, cracks a native 

 fruit, somewhat like a walnut, with a stone. Rengger 

 easily taught an American monkey thus to break open 

 hard palm-nuts ; and afterward, of its own accord, it used 

 stones to open other kinds of nuts, as well as boxes. It 

 thus also removed the soft rind of fruit that had a dis- 

 agreeable flavor. Another monkey was taught to open 

 the lid of a large box with a stick, and afterward it used 

 the stick as a lever to move heavy bodies ; and I have my- 

 self seen a young orang put a stick into a crevice, slip 

 his hand to the other end, and use it in the proper man- 

 ner as a lever. The tamed elephants in India are well 

 known to break off branches of trees and use them to 

 drive away the flies ; and this same act has been observed 

 in an elephant in a state of nature. 



The Duke of Argyll remarks that the fash- 

 Page 82. . . . • . , & J , , . , 



loning of an implement for a special purpose 



is absolutely peculiar to man ; and he considers that this 



forms an immeasurable gulf between him and the brutes. 



