THE GENEALOGY OF MAN. 



Descent Some naturalists, from being deeply im- 



of Man, pressed with the mental and spiritual powers 

 P a S e • f m an, have divided the whole organic world 

 into three kingdoms, the human, the animal, and the vege- 

 table, thus giving to man a separate kingdom. Spiritual 

 powers can not be compared or classed by the natural- 

 ist : but he may endeavor to show, as I have done, that 

 the mental faculties of man and the lower animals do not 

 differ in kind, although immensely in degree. A differ- 

 ence in degree, however great, does not justify us in 

 placing man in a distinct kingdom, as will perhaps be 

 best illustrated by comparing the mental powers of two 

 insects, namely, a coccus or scale-insect and an ant, 

 which undoubtedly belong to the same class. The differ- 

 ence is here greater than, though of a somewhat different 

 kind from, that between man and the highest mammal. 

 The female coccus, while young, attaches itself by its 

 proboscis to a plant ; sucks the sap, but never moves 

 again; is fertilized and lays eggs; and this is its whole 

 history. On the other hand, to describe the habits and 

 mental powers of worker-ants would require, as Pierre 

 Huber has shown, a large volume ; I may, however, 

 briefly specify a few points. Ants certainly communi- 



