254 DARWINISM STATED BY DARWIN HIMSELF. 



other agencies more important. For the moral qualities 

 are advanced, either directly or indirectly, much more 

 throiTgh the effects of habit, the reasoning powers, in- 

 struction, religion, etc., than through natural selection ; 

 though to this latter agency may be safely attributed the 

 social instincts which afforded the basis for the develop- 

 ment of the moral sense. 



MODIFYING INFLUENCES IN BOTH SEXES. 



r "With animals in a state of nature, many 



characters proper to the males, such as size, 

 strength, special weapons, courage, and pugnacity, have 

 been acquired through the law of battle. The semi- 

 human progenitors of man, like their allies the Quadru- 

 mana, will almost certainly have been thus modified ; 

 and, as savages still fight for the possession of their 

 women, a similar process of selection has probably gone 

 on in a greater or less degree to the present day. Other 

 characters proper to the males of the lower animals, such 

 as bright colors and various ornaments, have been ac- 

 quired by the more attractive males having been preferred 

 by the females. There are, however, exceptional cases 

 in which the males are the selectors, instead of having 

 been the selected. We recognize such cases by the fe- 

 males being more highly ornamented than the males — 

 their ornamental characters having been transmitted ex- 

 clusively or chiefly to their female offspring. One such 

 case has been described in the order to which man belongs, 

 that of the Ehesus monkey. 



Man is more powerful in body and mind than woman, 

 and in the savage state he keeps her in a far more abject 

 state of bondage than does the male of any other animal ; 

 therefore it is not surprising that he should have gained 



