MEANS OF THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS. 285 



the corrugators, which produced a slight frown, quickly 

 followed by the contraction of the other muscles round 

 the eyes. 



Screaming or weeping begins to be volun- 

 tarily restrained at an early period of life, 

 whereas frowning is hardly ever restrained at any age. 

 It is perhaps worth notice that, with children much given 

 to weeping, anything which perplexes their minds, and 

 which would cause most other children merely to frown, 

 readily makes them weep. So with certain classes of the 

 insane, any effort of mind, however slight, which with 

 an habitual frowner would cause a slight frown, leads to 

 their weeping in an unrestrained manner. It is not more 

 surprising that the habit of contracting the brows at the 

 first perception of something distressing, although gained 

 during infancy, should be retained during the rest of our 

 lives, than that many other associated habits acquired at 

 an early age should be permanently retained both by man 

 and the lower animals. For instance, full-grown cats, 

 when feeling warm and comfortable, often retain the 

 habit of alternately protruding their fore-feet with ex- 

 tended toes, which habit they practiced for a definite 

 purpose while sucking their mothers. 



POUTING. 



P b 232 With young children sulkiness is shown 



by pouting, or, as it is sometimes called, 

 "making a snout." When the corners of the mouth are 

 much depressed, the lower lip is a little everted and pro- 

 truded ; and this is likewise called a pout. But the 

 pouting here referred to consists of the protrusion of 

 both lips into a tubular form, sometimes to such an ex- 



