418 SYNOPSIS. 



toral fins rather small, the hinder edges nearly square ; 

 caudal fin entire, somewhat triangular and slightly falci- 

 form ; surface of the skin sprinkled with strong spines 

 rising from oval or circular bases ; colour of the upper 

 parts dark leaden grey, the hinder part of the back, as 

 well as the sides and belly, pale coppery yellow, clouded 

 with purple and brown, and the belly also spotted with red ; 

 base of the fins reddish brown. Blainville, Faun, franc. ; 

 Tarr. Brit. Fish., ii. 532. Squalus spinosus, Gwelin. 

 GEN. CXVI. SQ.UATINA. Body flattened, head truncated, 

 mouth terminal ; pectoral fins very much developed, attached 

 to the head anteriorly ; dorsals two, both placed further back 

 than the ventrals. 



Sp. 231. S. angeJus. Angel-fish. Upper surface rough, and 

 of a dark brown colour, underside smooth, and of a dirty 

 white ; back with a series of spines ; lobes of tlie caudal 

 triangular and nearly equal. Cuv. Reg. Ail.; Jenyn\ Brit. 

 VerL, p. 507 ; Yarr. Brit. FisJi., ii. 539. Squalus squa- 

 tina, Linn., Penn. Brit. ZooL, iii. p. 130, pi. 15 ; Don. 

 Brit. Fish., pL 17. 



FAM. XXIX. Raiidce. Fam. of ike Rays, or Skates. Bod)/ 

 very much flattened, and resembling a disc, the pectorals greatly 

 developed, united in front to the snout, and extending bacl't 

 nearly to the base of the vent rah; tail rather long and sf< 

 the dorsal generally placed upon it; mouth, nostrils, and bran- 

 chial openings o?i the under side, eyes above. 



GEN. CXVII. TORPEDO. Disc of the body nearly circular ; 

 tail short, rather thick, and without spines, the caudal pretty 

 large; teeth small and sharp, each side of the body furnished 

 th an electrical apparatus. 



Sp. 232. T. vulgaris. Old British Torpedo. Greatest breadth 

 two-thirds of the entire length ; mouth small ; eyes placed 

 near each other, a round rough-edged spiracle behind each ; 

 caudal fin broad ; skin smooth ; colour cinereous-brown 

 above, white beneath. Flem. Brit. An. Raia Torpedo, 

 Linn., Penn. Brit. Zool, iii. p. 118, pi. 12 ; Don. BriU 

 .t pi. 53. Torpedo, Yarr. Brit. Fish., ii. p. 512. 



