CONTENTS. 



Page 



PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS . . ,17 

 CHANGES ON THE EARTH'S SURFACE SINCE THE 

 COMMENCEMENT OF THE PRESENT ZOOLOGICAL 



SYSTEM , ... 24 



Asia . . . . .26 



South of Asia .... 29 



The Indus . .29 



Ceylon . . 34 



The Ganges . . . .37 



Australasia .... 37 



East Coast of Asia . . .40 



Arctic Asia .... 44 



Caspian Basin, an Asiatic Mediterranean . 47 



Europe .... 52 



Arctic Europe . 55 



Western Europe ... 58 



The Rhine . .61 



Great Britain . . 65 

 Southern Europe . 



Italy . . 7" 



TheEgean . . , .73 



