THE HUMAN SPECIES. 193 



independence as well as in captivity; they dig, hew 

 wood, carry, walk, or row, for many hours, in a tropical 

 sun, without repining. They multiply on mountain 

 and in morass, in sterile and in rich soil, throughout 

 the tropical region. Though a new locality like South 

 America be not their original centre of existence, they 

 spread, on both sides, beyond the equatorial belt, over 

 the lower degrees of the temperate latitudes ; do not 

 decrease in the presence of Caucasians when not over- 

 worked by their taskmasters; and flourish under the 

 fiercest solar heat, where other types of man decay or 

 perish. In constitution, they escape or withstand many 

 of the most virulent epidemics, among the rest, small 

 pox, so fatal to all the American races ; and others, 

 incidental to the tropics, or introduced by Europeans, 

 visit them with less violence. 



In South America, where the indigenous tribes 

 diminish, in regions where white men are but little 

 known, the Maroons or Negroes, escaped from Portu- 

 guese, Spanish, and Dutch slavery, increase ; they have 

 established independent communities in the swampy 

 regions of Guiana, and still more, between the rivers 

 Amazon, Iza, and Japura, where, under the name of 

 Jurie Negroes, they occupy an extensive territory, since 

 they expelled the Moruas and Maruquevare Indians. 

 These, however, together with the Haytian, the Ja- 

 maica Maroons, and Guadaloupe Quelehs, as well as all 

 the West Indian and North American woolly haired 

 populations, being the offspring of the greatest inter- 

 mixture of different African tribes, and not entirely free 



