THE HUMAN SPECIES. 329 



the eighth century, when they were already advanced 

 in civilization. The Seldjucks, so named after the 

 chief adventurer, who enlisted men of different tribes 

 under his banner, broke into Southern Asia in the 

 ninth century, during the reign of Malek ; they over- 

 turned the empire of the Khalifs, formed the states of 

 Iran, Kerman, and Roum or Iconium; and from the 

 Seldjucks sprung the Osmanlis, the present sovereigns 

 of Turkey. We might here add those tribes with 

 Circassian chiefs, the Petchenages, probably identical 

 with the Kanjars. The Komans and Uzu, united in 

 the eleventh century, who were known to the Russians 

 by the name of Palowze, and Chuni by the Hungarians. 

 From the tenth to the twelfth centuries, they were 

 the terror of Eastern Europe, till in the thirteenth 

 they were exterminated by the Mongols. 



All these nations, as well as the true Caucasians we 

 are about to describe, moved into Europe from the 

 distant east, by routes, which, it would appear, were 

 entirely the result of chance ; yet, upon examination, 

 it is found, that the great majority of cases, in what- 

 ever geographical locality a primaeval column sought 

 its permanent abode in the west, there also, one wave 

 after another of kindred race, subsequently found its 

 home, notwithstanding ages intervened, and circum- 

 stances had thrown new obstacles in the way. Per- 

 haps intermediate points had continued to be occupied 

 by relatives of both, or records of the success of former 

 colonists had reached back to their points of depar- 

 ture ; or, finally, it was because there are in geography, 



