I. Wing over 3.50. 



A. Slate-color, under tail-coverts rufous. ... 



B. Back grayish, outer tail-feathers white. no. Mockingbird. 



C. Back rufous, under parts spotted. 112. Brown Thrasher. 



II. Wing less than 3.00. 



A. Wings not barred. 4- Bewick Wren. 



B. Vvmgs barred. 



r ' a B \^hi S te re s a treaks W conf^ed e to center of back. 118. Long-billed Marsh Wren. 



<b. Wings and whole back white streaked. 117. Short=billed Marsh Wren. 



2. Back not streaked with white. 



a. A long white streak over the eye. H3- Carolina Wren. 



b. No white line over the eye. 



(l) Belly, sides, and breast barred. 116. Winter Wren. 



(2). Sides only faintly barred. 115. House Wren. 



Family 13. HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows, Martins. 



The Swallow form and carriage are too well known to call for ^comment. They are strong, 

 graceful flyers, feeding upon flying insects for the most part, but sometimes gleaning from the grass- 

 tops as they fly over the pastures or meadow. Three or four of the species nest about the habita- 

 tions of man, one of them, Purple Martin, exclusively. After the breeding season, when the young 

 have become able to fly well, the Swallows gather in large companies preparatory _to their southward 

 journey. Telegraph wires along the lake front are then often covered with the birds. None of the 

 Swallows are in any way injurious, but all are useful birds. 

 T. Upper parts with metallic reflections. 



A. Under parts steel-blue. 119- Purple Martin. 



B. Throat chestnut, rufous or brownish. 



r. Tail deeply forked. 121. Barn Swallow. 



2. Upper tail coverts rufous or buffy. 120. Cliff Swallow. 



C. Throat gray or white. 



1. Entire under parts white. 122. Tree Swallow. 



2. Throat and breast brownish-gray. 119. Purple Martin. 



IT. Upper parts without metallic reflections. - 



A. Throat and breast brownish-gray. 124. Rough=winged Swallow. 



B. A brownish band across the white breast. 123. Bank Swallow. 



Family 14. AMPELIDAE. Waxwings. 



The Waxwings are beautiful but inconstant birds. They are here at one time and gone the 

 next. Their tufted head and silky-brownish plumage are always good field marks. They have no 

 true song, but chatter faintly. The Cedarbird is fond of ripe cherries, but always prefers ripe mul- 

 berries to anything else. Depredations upon the cherry crop may be prevented by the proximity of 

 a mulberry tree. 



I Wing over 4.50. 125. Bohemian Waxwing. 



TT. Wing- under 4.00. 126. Cedar Waxwing. 



Family 15. LANIIDAE. Shrikes. 



The Shrikes are the birds of prey among the Passeres. Their feet and bill are adapted for a 

 predatory life. Mice, snakes, birds and insects are captured and eaten, or impaled on thorns for future 

 use as the occasion demands. 



T. Wing over 4.00. 127. Northern Shrike. 



TI. Wing less than 4.00. 128. Migrant Shrike. 



Family 16. VIREONIDAE. Vireos. 



These small birds bear some resemblance to the Shrikes in general structure, but differ widely 

 in habits. They are all woods-hunters, while the Shrikes prefer the open fields. They glean from 

 the surface of leaves or from the bark, and sometimes dart out after a flying insect. Their food is 

 almost wholly insect. They are less brisk of movement than the Warblers, but bear a fairly close 

 resemblance to them in a general way. A novice might easily become confused between the two 

 groups. All of the Vireos are good singers, and the White-eyed is a good mimic. All build pensile 

 nests, sometimes of beautiful pattern and careful workmanship. 



I. With distinct wing-bars. 



A. Wing under 2.75. 134. White-eyed Vireo. 



B. Wing over 2.75. 



