II. Red on head confined to a band across nape. 

 A Under parts black, unspotted. 



1. Bill blackish. 



2. Bill white. 



B Under parts spotted or sneaked. 



1. Rump white; a black crescent on breast. 



2. Head black, red in 2 spots on nape. 

 C. Under parts white or whitish. 



1. Crown gray. 



2. Crown black. 



a. Bill over i.oo. 



b. Bill under i.oo. 



III. Head without red. 



A. Bill white. 



B. Bill not white. 



1. Under parts unmarked. 



a. Bill over i.oo. 



b. Bill under i.oo. 



2. Under parts spotted or barred or streaked. 



a. Back wholly black. 



b. Back black and white. 



(i). Breast with a black patch. 

 (2). Breast without a black p_atch. 



(a). Wing over 5.00. 



(b). Wing under 5.00. 



154. Northern Pileated Woodpecker. 



(Hypothetical) Ivory=billed 

 Woodpecker. 



157. Northern Flicker. 



151. Red=cockaded Woodpecker. 



156. Red=bellied Woodpecker. 



149. Hairy Woodpecker. 



150. Downy Woodpecker. 



(Hypothetical) Ivory=billed 

 Woodpecker. 



149. Hairy Woodpecker. 



150. Downy Woodpecker. 



152. Arctic Three=toed Woodpecker. 



153. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 



155. Red=headed Woodpecker. 



151. Red=cockaded Woodpecker. 



ORDER 4. COCCYGES. Cuckoos, Kingfisher. 

 1'amily 2. CUCULIDAE. Cuckoos. 



The Cuckoos are shy birds, making their way among the tree branches and in the foliage with- 

 out. sound or commotion. Their slender bodies and long tail give them the appearance of snake-like 

 proportions and movement. The popular belief that their peculiar calls indicate the approach of a 

 storm is not well founded, as any one may learn by a little careful study of these birds. Their 

 great value to agriculture and especially to the horticulturalist, lies in their habit of eating quan- 

 tities of the tent caterpillar and other hairy and spiny caterpillars and larvae which other birds will 

 not touch. They should be encouraged to nest near the orchard. 



I. Lower mandible yellow, wings with rufous. 



II. Whole bill black, wings without rufous. 



159. Yellow=billed Cuckoo. 



1 60. Blackballed Cuckoo. 



family i. ALCEDINIDAE. Kingfishers. 



The single member of this family inhabiting Onio may be found about streams and ponds and 

 lakes looking for fish and tadpoles. He is not particularly useful nor particularly harmful. He is a 

 desirable part of a landscape because he is picturesque and interesting. There is no good reason why 

 he should be harmed. 158. Belted Kingfisher. 



ORDER 5. PSITTACI. Parrots. 



The single species representing this order has long since become extinct in Ohio. 



161. Carolina Paroquet. 



Birds of Prey. 



ORDER 6. RAPTORES. 



Family i. STRJGIDAE. Barn Owl. 



The single species comprising this family is sufficiently treated in the discussion of that species 

 in the body of this book. !6 2 . Barn Owl. 



Family 2. BUIIONIDAE. Horned Owls, Hoot Owls, etc. 



Most owls are nocturnal in habits, but most of them are also able to fly well by day Some are 

 seldom seen during daylight except in dark weather, or when startled from their retreats, and some 

 prefer the day to hunt in. Their cries are weird and startling. They nest either in hollow trees or 

 in open nests, but seldom if ever make a whole new nest for themselves. Their food varies with 

 the species but mammals, insects and birds form the greater part of their diet. Only , 

 the Great Horned Owl, is distinctly and always injurious. Some are among the mos 

 animals and should be carefully protected. 



one species. 

 t useful of 



