(i). Speculum purple. 281. Mallard. 



(2). Speculum gray or white. 284. Gadwall. 



2. Wing-coverts without white. 



a. Legs yellowish, smaller. 282. Black Duck. 



1). Legs reddish, larger. 283. Red-legged Black Duck. 



3. Under parts chestnut. 284. Gadwall. 



Subfamily 3. FUUGUUNAE. Sea and Bay Ducks. 



This group of ducks inhabits the deeper waters. They dive to a considerable depth, often, for 

 fish. Some are almost as expert divers as the famed grebes and loons. They feed upon almost any 

 aquatic animals or vegetables. Some are considered a table delicacy, while others are of a decidedly- 

 fishy flavor. 



I. Whole head and neck black. 



A. Plumage entirely black. 304. American Scoter. 



B. Plumage not entirely black. 



1. Bill with a bluish band near its tip. 297- Ring-necked Duck. 



2. Bill plain bluish. 



a. Back of head with purplish reflections. 296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 



b. Back of head with greenish reflections. 295. American Scaup Duck. 



II. Head and neck rufous or rufous-brown. 



A. Head and neck rufous. 



1. Bill under 2.00. 293. Redhead. 



2. Bill over 2.00. 294. Canvasback. 



B. Head and neck rufous-brown. 



1. Wing with a white patch. 



a. Region at base of bill not white. 298 & 299. American and Barrows 



Golden-eyes. 

 1). Region at base of bill white. 



(i). Wing over 8.25. 295. American Scaup Duck. 



(2). Wing under 8.25. 296. Lesser Scaup Duck. 



2. Xo white in wing. 



a. Bill over 2.00. 294- Canvasback. 



b. Bill under 2.00. 



d). Wing over 8.00. 293. Redhead. 



(2). Wing under 8.00. 297. Ring-necked Duck. 



c. Middle tail feathers long and slender. 301. Old=squaw. 



III. Head and throat steel blue or steel green. 



A. Steel green. 298. American Golden eye. 



B. Steel blue. 299. Barrows Golden=eye. 



I V. Head and neck otherwise. 



A. Wing over 10.00. 



1. Bill over 2.00. 302. American Eider. 



2. Bill under 2.00. 



a. Speculum white. 305. White-winged Scoter. 



b. Speculum not white. 303. King Eider. 



B. Wing under 7.00. 



1. Tail feathers normal. 300. Bufflehead. 



2. Tail feathers stiff and slender. 306. Ruddy Duck. 



Subfamily 4. ANSERINAE. Geese. 



Like the river and pond ducks, the geese feed in the water by tipping instead of diving, for 

 which their large bodies are not adapted. They are vegetarians, and forage, a great deal in fields, 

 picking up scattered grain. Rarely large flocks may damage newly sown or newly sprouting fields 

 of grain. Thev like the tender shoots of gras- and grains. 



I. Head black, throat white. 



A. Length 35 or more. 279. Canada Goose. 



B. Length 34 or less. 280. Hutchins Goose. 



II. Head black, throat black. 



A. With less white below. (Hypothetical) Brant. 



B. With more white below. (Hypothetical} White-bellied Brant. 



1IT. Whole head or forehead white. 

 A. Forehead white. 278. American White-fronted Goose. 



