xx CONTENTS. 



gence and fidelity of certain races Their care and general management How to train a Shepherd 

 or Collie dog Diseases and their treatment. 675 



Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 



Laws respecting this subject should be enacted in every State in the Union A society for the preven 

 tion of cruelty to animals should be established in every town The influence of such measures in 

 the formation of character Children should be instructed to be kind to dumb animals Influence 

 on society Animals kindly treated the most useful and valuable Destruction of birds Pigeon 

 shooting The reflex influence of kindness to dumb animals How to kill animals humanely. 723 



PART IV. FRUIT CULTURE. 



Fruit on the Farm. 



Fruit should be grown on every farm for family use Beneficial results of the liberal use of fruit Ren 

 ders a home more pleasant and attractive Increases the selling value of a farm Combined with 

 farming Pleasures of fruit culture The choicest varieties to be grown Profits. 734 



Transplanting Trees. 



Preparing the soil Select the most vigorous trees for setting Plans for orchards or fruit gardens 

 Slapping orchards and labeling trees When to plantFall planting Spring planting Pruning 

 and setting Care in placing the roots Avoid crowding The distance apart to be adapted to the 

 average size of the variety when fully grown Dwarf trees A few trees should be set out each 

 year Old and useless trees to be removed. 740 



Cultivation. 



Benefits of cultivation Application of fertilizers Mulching around trees Resuscitating trees and 

 plants &quot; Heeling in &quot; trees Staking trees How to promote fruitfulness Changing the bearing 

 year. 746 



Pruning. 



Benefits of pruning Summer pruning Fall and Spring pruning Commence when the trees are small 

 Trees require frequent care Modification in form High or low trees Method of pruning. 748 



Thinning Fruit. 



Benefits of thinning Evils of overbearing Imperfect fruit Thinning fruit the remedy of imperfect 

 growth and maturing of the wood Increase of size and value of fruit by thinning. 757 



Gathering Fruit 



Time for gathering Fruit should be gathered with care Assorting Preparing for market Storing 

 for winter use A cool, dry temperature essential to the preservation of fruit. 758 



Drying Fruit. 



The old method of drying fruit The benefits of the newer system by evaporation A surer method of 

 preservation than canning Fruit dryers How to use them Perishable fruits easily and quickly 

 preserved by drying Improved quality of fruit dried by evaporation. 760 



Propagation. 



Methods of propagating trees and plants Cuttings Setting cuttings Root cuttings Layers Runners 

 Different methods of budding Grafting Liquid grafting wax Various methods Selecting and 

 cutting scions, 750 



Diseases and Enemies. 



Various evils to which fruit trees are exposed Good care and cultivation a preventive Blight Leaf 

 blights-Mildew Yellows Black knot Canker worm Curculio Caterpillar Tent caterpillar- 

 Web worm Apple worm Rose bug Aphides^-The borer Codling moth Bark louse Woolly 

 Aphis Mice Rabbits Sheep Cattle, etc. Prevention the best remedy. 



The Larger Fruits. 



The apple Varieties suited to Northern gtates Middle Western Southern and Southeastern The 

 best varieties suited to the section should bfi grown Large orchards How to keep apples Diseases 



