CATTLE. 23 



tender, juicy, fine flavored, and nicely marbled, or rather the lean and fat are well intermixed. 

 It fattens readily, and matures in about the same time as the Short-Horn. 



Though small in size, it is claimed by many breeders with whom they are especial 

 favorites, that for the food consumed, they return as large a proportion of beef as the larger 

 breeds. &quot;We think, however, that the offal or waste from several small cattle must be 

 somewhat greater than that of the same live weight of larger breeds. They mature nearly 

 as soon as the Short-Horns, and fatten readily. Dr. E. H. Woodward of Wisconsin says of 

 them: &quot;The progress and improvement of the Devons has continued steadily onward, not 

 only retaining all the estimable qualities for which the early herds are noted, but are to-day 

 exhibiting proportions that astonish even the breeders of Short-Horns. 



&quot;Bani/ster&quot; (734) weighed at six months old 630 pounds. &quot;Barefoot&quot; (732) bred by 

 the Hon. James Buckingham, Zanesville, Ohio, weighed at two years old 1,428 pounds. 

 Betty 2d, bred by I. S. Newton, Esq., of Verona, Dane county, Wisconsin, 2,000 pounds at 

 four years old. 



The Devons do not mature quite as early as the Short-Horns, but are much more 

 remarkable for longevity, it being not an uncommon occurrence for a cow to retain her 

 breeding and milking qualities until over twenty years old.&quot; 



Mr. William Mattoon, of Springfield, Mass., slaughtered a bull named &quot;Springfield,&quot; 

 several years since, the dressed weight of which was 1,179 pounds after hanging sixty hours; 

 and also a cow whose live weight in full feed was 1,215 pounds, the dressed weight of which 

 was 911 pounds, the shrinkage being less than twenty-five per cent. Another bull of this 

 breed, owned by the same party, the &quot;Duke of Hampden,&quot; when sixteen months old weighed 

 1,210 pounds, having gained in the seventy-five days previous 210 pounds, equivalent to two 

 and four-fifths pounds per day. The feed given him was one quart of meal per day. When 

 this animal was three years old, he weighed 2,030 pounds. His herd of cows, varying from 

 four to seventeen years, weighed on an average in the autumn, l,233f pounds each. 



From the London Smithfield market reports, we glean the following facts. The Earl of 

 Leicester s steers, on his Holkham estates, gave dead net weight, of 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 

 pounds. Those of the Duke of Norfolk, in Suffolk, were from 900 to 1,000 pounds each. 

 One is reputed to have given dead net weight of 1,593 pounds at five years and eleven 

 months. Another that was three years and seven months old gave dead net weight of 1,316 

 pounds (rough tallow 160 pounds). For many localities they are better adapted than some 

 of the heavier breeds, especially so in hilly sections and mountain ranges where grass may 

 be short, and the pasturage scanty. 



HEREFORDS. 



THE Hereford cattle derive their name from a county in the western part of Eng 

 land. Their first importation to the United States was made in 1816 or 1817, 

 by Henry Clay of Kentucky, who was a great admirer and patron of fine stock. 

 They have not, however, been imported to this country in large numbers until a comparatively 

 recent date, although they are a valuable breed of ancient origin, and have received consider 

 able attention in England during the last century. Herefords have not been as widely 

 disseminated in England as the improved Short-Horns, they being found principally in some 

 of the western counties of England, and the adjoining ones in Wales. 



At present they seem to be rivals of the Short-Horns in this country, where they are 

 acquiring increased popularity for beef, and as working oxen. Like the Short-Horns, they 



