28 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



pose, reproducing their like in quality and character, and enduring the change of climate and 

 conditions most successfully. It is claimed by the advocates of this breed, that when grazing 

 and feeding with mixed herds of cattle, the grade Heref ords make larger gains than any other 

 breed or grade of steers. It is also claimed by some, that the cross produced by the Here 

 ford bull and Short-Horn cow will give a produce that will command a better price in the 

 beef market than the pure Short-Horn. In point of beauty, their color might be considered 

 an objection, a white or mottled-faced animal never being so pleasing to the eye as a uniform 

 color; still, there are other points of merit in beef production superior to color, and when 

 looking at the question in a practical point of view, it must be conceded that this breed justly 

 merits a place among the first in beef production. 



The illustrations of Herefords which we insert are faithful copies of some of the best 

 types of the breed they represent, as in fact all of the animal cuts in this work are, and 

 indicate their characteristics better and more completely than could be described in words. 



Herefords as Oxen. The Hereford ox is an excellent working animal, being large, 

 strong, muscular, and well developed, docile, and easily matched. He is, however, less active 

 than the Devon, owing to superior size and weight; is free, willing, and intelligent, as well as 

 kindly in disposition. 



Good oxen are also produced by crossing the Hereford Bull with the native cow, the 

 progeny almost invariably possessing the strong characteristics of the sire, especially in form 

 and color. When no longer useful as oxen, they can in a short time be very readily converted v 

 into first-class beef for the market. 



POLLED OR HORNLESS CATTLE. 



THERE are several varieties of polled or hornless breeds of cattle in England, the prin 

 cipal of which are the Angus or Aberdeen, Galloway, and the Suffolk. According 

 to Low, in his &quot; Cattle of the British Islands,&quot; the Angus breed originated more than 

 a century ago, in the north of Scotland, and are now considerably scattered throughout the 

 grazing region of Great Britain. They have been greatly improved, by careful breeding, 

 within the last quarter of a century, and with the Galloways are highly esteemed as beei 

 cattle in the English markets, the meat furnished by them being of excellent quality, while 

 their carcasses have proportionately a small amount of waste. The Galloways derive their 

 name from the county in which they originated, and have within a few years past been 

 imported into this country and bred to a limited extent, being frequently seen at fairs. They 

 are hardy animals, good feeders, admirably adapted to hilly districts, and are more properly 

 classed with the beef than dairy breeds, being noted more especially for the production of a 

 superior quality of beef, than for fine milking qualities. These cattle are valuable in 

 producing a cross with other breeds. The grade produced in crossing them with the Short- 

 Horn Bull has been foimd to combine in a great degree the good qualities of both parents, 

 &quot;Wherever the milking qualities of the Angus breed have received due attention in breeding, 

 the result has been very satisfactory in this direction, as will be seen by the following from 

 the North British Agriculturist, written by the Earl of Airlie and the same will doubtless 

 prove true with respect to the Galloways: 



&quot; I have at present seventeen pure Polled Angus milch cows in my dairy. The greatest 

 number of these give from twelve to fourteen, and sometimes sixteen Scotch pints for a consid 

 erable time after calving. The milk is admitted to be much richer than that of either the 

 Short-Horn or the Ayrshire. As regards the length of time for which they will continue to 



