THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



horn assumed other directions; it hung down so that the animal could scarcely graze, or 

 it curved so as to threaten to meet before the muzzle, and so also to prevent the beast from 

 grazing; or immediately under the jaw, and so to lock the lower jaw; or the points presented 

 themselves against the bones of the nose and face, threatening to perforate them. 



In proportion as the breed became improved, the horns lengthened, and they are char 

 acteristically distinguished by the name of The Long-Horns. Cattle of similar description 

 were found in the districts of Lancashire, bordering on Craven, and also in the Southeastern 

 parts of AVestmoreland; but tradition, in both of these districts, pointed to Craven as the ori 

 ginal habitation of the Long-Horn breed. If there gradually arose any difference between 

 them, it was that the Craven beasts were the broadest in the chine, the shortest, the hand 

 somest, and the quickest 



= ^, feeders ; the Lancashire 



ones were larger, longer 

 in the quarters, but with 

 a fall behind the shoul 

 ders, and not so level on 

 the chine. Whence these 

 cattle were derived, is 

 still a disputed point.&quot; 



They were formerly a 

 coarse, loose- jointed ani 

 mal, characterized by 

 great length of horns, 

 thick, firm skin, long, com 

 pact hair, coarse, leathery 

 thickness of the neck, and 

 large hoofs. The im 

 proved Long-Horn, as 



LONG-HORN OX. 



previously stated, is an 



animal possessing some very good points, and is still used in the dairy in portions of England, 

 although not to any great extent. 



HIGHLAND CATTLE. 



THIS breed of cattle are widely scattered over the Highlands of Scotland, but are 

 said to be found in the greatest perfection in the larger Hebrides. A prominent 

 English writer says of them, Well bred oxen of this breed, when of mature 

 growth, and in good condition, exhibit a symmetry of form and noble bearing unequalled 

 by any cattle in the kingdom. Although somewhat slow in arriving at maturity, they are 

 contented with the coarsest fare, and ultimately get fat where the daintier Short-Horns could 

 barely exist. Their hardy constitution, thick, mellow hide and shaggy coat, peculiarly adapt 

 them for a cold, humid climate and coarse pasture. The milk of the cow is very rich, but 

 as they yield it in small quantities, and soon get dry, they are unsuited for the dairy, and 

 are kept solely for the purpose of suckling each her own calf. 



Of these cattle, those of a dun or tawny color are often selected for grazing on the 

 parks of the aristocracy, where they look quite as picturesque as the deer with which they 



