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THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



together for warmth. This huddling is very dangerous; the outside cattle want to be on the 

 inside, and they pile up on each other. This piling is called stacking/ and when once 

 begun, some cattle are sure to lose their lives. Out of one ; stack I took twelve dead steers 

 one morning. A neighbor of mine took thirty-six dead beeves out of one stack. After 

 losing the twelve steers I took down my sheds, and that ended the trouble.&quot; 



Skeleton Of the Ox. The following shows the scientific names of the bones in the 

 skeleton of the ox, together with their location. 



SKELETON OF THE Ox. 



A Cervical Vertebrae. E B Dorsal Vertebrae. C Lumbar Vertebras. D Sacrum. E E 

 Coccygeal Bones. F F Ribs. G Costal Cartilages. //Scapula. /-S-Humerus. K K Radius. 

 L Ulna. M Carpus or Knee. 1 Scaphoid. 2 Semilunar. 3 Cuniform. 4 Trapezium. 5 

 Trapezoid. 6 Os Magnum. 7 Unciform. 8 Pisiform. _Z\T .ZV Large Metacarpal or Cannon. 

 Small Metacarpal. P P Sesamoid Bones. Q Q Phalanges. 1 Os Suffraginis or Pastern Bone. 

 2 Os Corona). 3 Os Pedis. .8 Pelvis. 1 Illium. 2 Pubis. 3 Ischium. 8 Femur. T 

 Patella. U Tibia. F Fibula. W Hocks. 1 Os Calsis. 2 Ostragalus. 3 Ostragalus. 4 

 Cuniform Medium. 5 Cuniform Parvum. 6 Cuboid. X Large Metatarsal. 1, 2, 3 Phalanges. 

 7&quot; Small Metatarsal. , Head. 1 Inferior Maxilla. 2 Superior Maxilla. 3 Anterior Maxilla. 

 4 Nasal Bone. 5 Molar. 6 Frontal. 7 Parietal. 8 Occipital. 9 Lachrymal. 10 Squamous. 

 11 Petrous. 



The Pulse, Respiration^ etc. The pulse in cattle generally ranges from forty- 

 eight to fifty-five beats per minute in the mature ox. In cows it is generally somewhat 

 quicker, especially near the time of calving. In calves, as with all young animals, the pulse 

 is considerably faster than this, according to the age. The condition of the pulse may be 

 readily ascertained from the artery passing over the jaw bone directly at the cheek part of 

 the lower jaw, to ramify on the face; also over the middle of the first rib, and that beneath 

 the tail. A quickened pulse denotes a feverish state or inflammation, while a slower pulse 

 than is natural indicates debility of some kind. The pulse of cattle, when in a perfectly 

 healthy state, is softer and less strong than it is in the horse under similar conditions. 



In cattle the number of respirations per minute is from ten to fifteen; these respira- 



