CATTLE. 



warm mashes, should be given, and such medicines as are cooling and laxative, together 

 with good nursing. Epsom salts in from eight to ten-ounce doses, and saltpetre in from four 

 to eight-drachm doses are very good remedies. Apply also a mustard paste to the lower part 

 of the throat and sides of the chest. This done in the early stages of the disease will have 

 a beneficial effect in arresting it. The animal should be permitted to have all the water it 

 will drink, and free access to it, instead of at stated times, as it will then drink frequently in 

 small quantities, thus allaying the fever, while if permitted to have access to it only occasion 

 ally there will be a tendency to drink too much at a time, and remain thirsty during the 

 intervals. 



Another very good remedy is 11 ounces of acetate of ammonia, 20 drops of tincture of 

 aconite, well mixed in a half pint of water, and given as one dose three or four times a day 

 until the fever abates. This should also be accompanied with the use of the mustard paste, 

 as previously recommended. 



Bruises or Contusions. Bathe the bruised part in warm water for some time, 

 accompanied with gentle rubbing, if the soreness is not too severe to admit of it. Afterward 

 apply tincture of arnica. The sooner this treatment is resorted to after the injury, the better. 

 &quot;Warm water in such cases is far more effectual than an application of cold water or ice, as is 

 frequently recommended. 



Catarrh. In cases of simple catarrh or common cold, the mucous membrane lining 

 the nostrils and sinuses of the head become inflamed, affecting to a greater or less extent the 

 eyes and throat. There will be more or less fever in the early stages, with occasional turns of 

 shivering, sneezing, and coughing. The horns will be hot near the head, and cold at the 

 tips ; there will be a watery discharge from the nose and eyes, the eyes and eyelids showing 

 inflammation; the pulse rapid, and temperature of the body unnaturally high; urine scanty 

 and high-colored, and bowels usually constipated. In advanced stages of the disease, when 

 badly affected, the nostrils will sometimes become obstructed, and the animal be obliged to 

 find relief by breathing through the mouth, bloody matter occasionally oozing from the nos 

 trils. The cause of the difficulty is generally exposure to the cold or wet; damp or badly 

 drained stables; standing in a draft of air in improperly ventilated stables, etc. Put the 

 animal in a warm, dry, well- ventilated stable; then feed hot bran mashes in a nose-bag, in 

 order to steam the inflamed membranes. If the throat seems sore or swollen, apply mustard 

 paste, and if this does not reduce the swelling after a few hours it will be well to put on a 

 linseed poultice as warm as can be borne without discomfort. A tablespoon full of saltpetre 

 dissolved in water, drank at night and morning, should also be given. The bowels should be 

 kept open; a pint of melted lard may be given at first to relieve constipation, which, together 

 with food of a loosening tendency, such as bran mashes, potatoes, etc., will produce the 

 desired result. Injections of tepid water may also be given, if necessary. 



If the discharge from the nose is copious and of long standing, inject into the nose once 

 or twice a day a moderate quantity of the following astringent solution: Sulphate of zinc 1 

 drachm; glycerine, 1 ounce; mix thoroughly in a quart of warm water. 



Good care and nursing are more essential than medicine. The principal thing of 

 importance to be done is to remove the cause of the evil, and avoid exposing animals to 

 such conditions as will lead them to take cold. 



Chapped Teats. Bathe in warm water until the surface is soft and pliable; wipe the 

 teats dry and apply melted fresh lard, or what is better, sweet cream that has been 

 simmered to an oil. Two or three applications a day for three or four days will generally be 

 successful in effecting a cure. 



An ointment that is frequently used with benefit is made of one ounce of powdered 

 alum; one drachm carbolic acid; four ounces fresh lard. Extract of witch hazel is also 

 excellent for bathing the teats in such cases. 



