150 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



over the loins, and if there is any constipation, give mild laxatives, and laxative food to 

 keep the bowels- open. Oil cake and bran mashes are excellent at such times. When the 

 disease is of the idiopathic type, the treatment should be the same as for Albuminuria. 

 Mustard paste well rubbed about the loins is excellent. The best remedy will be found in 

 avoiding the conditions that cause the disease, by having improved sanitary regulations, 

 supplying the animal with pure water, and wholesome, nutritious food. 



Hernia. This is commonly termed rupture, and denotes a protrusion of the bowels or 

 their membraneous covering through an opening of the abdomen, which may become 

 accidentally torn, the result of external injury or of severe straining. &quot;When a large 

 portion of the intestines is thus misplaced and protruded, what is known as strangulated 

 hernia results, which will cause inflammation and death unless it can be reduced in a short 

 time. When the enlargement is slight, it can be easily pushed back and held in its place by 

 passing a strap or bandage about the body with considerable pressure, the same being held in 

 its proper place by being connected by a strap along the back and under the belly, with one 

 around the neck; the strap along the back being made to pass under the tail like a crupper, 

 while the connections under the belly keep it from slipping too far back. When the 

 enlargement is great, a cure is not so easily affected. 



Sometimes the rupture is of such a nature that there is a protrusion into the scrotum. 

 Umbilical hernia, or hernia at the navel, is sometimes seen in calves at birth. Such 

 cases can usually be remedied in the same way as previously recommended, but if it fail, 

 wooden clamps are generally applied in such a manner as to include the skin over the rupture 

 and tight enough to cause some inflammation. 



Scrotal hernia, or hernia of the scrotum, is very difficult to reduce. A careful 

 castration by what is known the &quot; covered process &quot; is sometimes necessary in such cases, 

 which should never be attempted by any one but a skillful veterinary surgeon. 



Hoose Or Husk. This difficulty is caused by a species of worms, the eggs being 

 swallowed by the animal when grazing, especially in low, wet pastures. The symptoms are 

 similar to those of bronchitis. There will first be a dry, husky, spasmodic cough, which 

 eventually becomes more frequent and troublesome, attended at times with a discharge of 

 mucus. Small worms will also be coughed up, sometimes singly, and sometimes in little balls 

 or twined together. Remove the cattle to well drained pastures, and see that they are 

 supplied with an abundance of pure water. Feed liberally with the most nutritious food, 

 giving linseed or cotton cake, potatoes, carrots, bran, and such diet as will keep the bowels 

 from being constipated. A moderate dose of sulphur for a few days will sometimes prove 

 beneficial. The observance of sanitary conditions, good care, and nutritious food are the 

 best means to be adopted in such cases. 



Hoven. This is an unnatural distention of the digestive organs with gas which is 

 produced by the fermentation of the food in the stomach, and accompanies indigestion. It is 

 usually caused by overfeeding on green succulent diet, especially clover, which is apt to be 

 eaten very greedily, and in too large quantities by cattle after they have been kept for a long 

 time on hay, and other dry food. The stomach is therefore very apt in such cases to become 

 overloaded and clogged, which results in indigestion, as the stomach ceases to have power to 

 act upon the compacted mass. Here it becomes moist and warm, begins to ferment, and 

 produces a gas which distends the stomach to an enormous size, causing intense pain to the 

 animal, the breathing being difficult, as though nearly suffocating. In severe cases, unless 

 relief is given promptly, death soon follows from either suffocation, rupture of the coats of 

 the stomach, or blood poisoning by the gases. Medicine is useless in such cases unless given 

 in the very first stages. When given prompt attention, four drachms of chloride of lime in 

 a little water will sometimes give relief by neutralizing the gas. 



