CATTLE. 157 



Another very good remedy, that will often prove successful, is to bathe tho eye morning, 

 noon, and night with a mixture as follows: Sulphate of zinc, twenty grains; acetate of lead, 

 one drachm; tincture of opium, a half ounce; fluid extract of belladonna, two drachms; rain 

 water, one pint; mix thoroughly. 



Pleuro-Pneumonia. This disease, sometimes known as &quot;the lung plague,&quot; and 

 &quot;cattle plague,&quot; is one of the most contagious and fatal of all the diseases to which cattle 

 are subject. It first appeared in an epizootic or contagious form among the cattle of Great 

 Britain and Ireland, about the year 1841, although it had been known in the great cattle- 

 breeding plains of Central and Northern Europe for ages. According to official reports more 

 than a million of cattle died from this disease alone in the United Kingdom in the six years 

 prior to 1860, the total value of which must have equaled, if not exceeded, $70,000,000. 



Dr. George Fleming, Interpreter of the Army Veterinary Department, says in this con 

 nection: &quot;The lung plague costs us, at the very least, 2,000,000 a year.&quot; Its introduction 

 to this country was in 1843, in the vicinity of New York. It has gradually been dissem 

 inated along the Atlantic coast, although thus far restricted for the most part to the Middle 

 States, Maryland, and a small portion of New England. It is to be hoped that more effect 

 ive measures will be inaugurated by our Government than have hitherto been established 

 for entirely stamping out this evil, and hereafter effectually preventing its introduction and 

 spread. 



Various experiments have been tried to counteract this disease, among which is that of 

 inoculation as a protective measure, none of which have, however, thus far proved successful. 

 It is a contagious fever, attended with local inflammation of the pleura, which is the thin 

 membrane lining the thorax and investing the lungs, and is accompanied with great weak 

 ness and general prostration of the whole physical system, the more malignant types of the 

 disease usually terminating fatally in a few days. It is, however, at other times so slow in 

 its development that it may remain in the system for weeks before manifesting itself in any 

 very marked outward symptoms. The early symptoms are a feverish state of the system, 

 the temperature sometimes rising to 106, accompanied with slight shivering, a loss of appe 

 tite, dry cough, scanty urine of dark color, and in cows also a drying up of the milk. This 

 will be succeeded by soreness of the lungs, manifested by a pressure behind the ribs over 

 the lungs, panting breath, and general attitude of the animal the head drooping, nose 

 extended, back arched, and hind legs drawn under the body. In the later stages of the dis 

 ease there will sometimes be a constipated condition of the bowels; at other times the 

 reverse, or a diarrhoea, the discharge being of a watery, fetid character. There will also be 

 a watery discharge from the eyes and nose. 



An examination of the lungs of animals that have died of this disease will frequently 

 show large portions of them of a dark color, solid and elastic, of the consistence and weight 

 of liver. Various remedies have been tested and recommended for this disease, but none as 

 far as we are able to learn have proved successful. It is at least involving too great a risk 

 for a farmer to attempt to cure an animal attacked with this disease himself; for while he is 

 nursing and doctoring one animal, it is so terribly contagious that the entire herd are liable 

 to be attacked by it. It is therefore safer to kill the animal at once as soon as the disease is 

 known, and deeply bury the body as quickly as possible at a distance from any locality fre 

 quented by any of the herd, throwing over the body a quantity of quick -lime before covering: 

 it. 



Prevention. The preventive measures that have been recommended in relation to 

 this disease are to suitably quarantine stock imported into this country for a period of time 

 of sufficient length to determine with absolute certainty that there is no contagion of the 

 kind about them; also the speedy destruction of all such as are affected, and the complete 

 isolation of all such as have been exposed to the contagion. Inoculation with the liquid 



