402 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



germs are once introduced from other sources. Dr. Stetson, who has given much time and 

 attention to the investigation and treatment of this disease says: &quot; Neglect of sanitary laws 

 is the chief factor in generating this fever, and no instance can be found where it has 

 originated de novo, unless there has been a palpable violation of these laws. 



The massing together of large numbers of hogs always has been, and ever will be, the 

 most fruitful cause. In more than one instance have I known this disease to originate from 

 hogs being confined to the drinking of water from shallow ponds, surface water, and also to 

 their being confined to the drainage of manure heaps. It is just as necessary for the hog to 

 breathe an untainted atmosphere and have pure water to drink as it is for the human family. 

 This disease only originates from neglected sanitary regulations, and like its congener in the 

 human family, the typhus fever will become, with proper hygiene, a thing of the past. A 

 hog wants something besides food; he must have pure air and a well -ventilated apartment, 

 with pure water, and not the stagnant water of his own cesspool. There is death in bad air, 

 and impure water is not safe for even a hog to drink.&quot; 



It is supposed that the germs of this disease may be carried to a considerable distance in 

 the air, without any direct means of communication. 



Symptoms. The symptoms of this disease vary somewhat according to its type, the 

 season, and temperature. There will generally be great weakness and prostration, accom 

 panied with considerable fever, the temperature of the body often being as high as 105 F., 

 as indicated by a clinical thermometer inserted into the rectum. The animal shivers; the 

 nose is hot and dry; pulse weak and rapid; eyes sunken and dull; there is great thirst; quick 

 breathing, a hard dry cough; the skin hot and sore, sometimes having red and dark spots. 

 The bowels are also very sore, and the animal will frequently show great distress, if handled 

 or made to move about. In the early stages, the animals have sometimes a constipated con 

 dition of the bowels, but as the disease progresses, a fetid diarrhoea sets in, and bloody matter 

 is often passed, showing an ulcerated condition of the bowels. The last stages are denoted 

 by stupor, paralysis of the hind limbs, involuntary motions of the bowels, etc. 



Treatment. Various remedies have been tried for this disease, some of which in 

 certain cases have been found quite beneficial, while in others no medical treatment what 

 ever seems to be of any avail. We would advise to kill and bury deeply or burn the carcasses 

 of all animals affected, unless they can be treated in a place at a distance from all others, 

 where the atmosphere is constantly disinfected by the use of carbolic acid. In such cases 

 give two ounces of castor oil. and when it has operated, give two or three times a day twenty 

 grains nitrate soda, and eighteen grains nitrate potash, mixed in a little milk or gruel, and let 

 the animal have powdered charcoal in the water it drinks, which should be pure. 



A Western breeder recommends the following remedy: &quot;Twelve grains of quinine to 

 each hog weighing 250 pounds, or at the rate of five grains for each 100 pounds will, I think, 

 prevent any hog or pig dying that is well enough to eat. 



For 40 pigs weighing 250 pounds each, I take one bushel of common wheat bran, put it 

 in a tub, and pour boiling water over it, and cover it with a blanket or cloth after thoroughly 

 mixing it about as wet as it will stand, not to run. When it has cooked about to blood heat, 

 I mix the quinine in, and having put the pigs into clean pens, feed the bran and quinine, and 

 have never known it to fail to at once arrest the disease, and cure all the pigs you could 

 get to eat. It is simple and cheap, and worth a trial. I have at different times induced my 

 neighbors to try it with like good results.&quot; 



Another remedy, highly recommended by some breeders of swine, is five grains of 

 calomel, one drachm nitrate of potash, and ten grains powdered camphor, given in a little 

 gruel three times a day, omitting the calomel after the third day. Keep the sick animals 

 entirely by themselves. 



